Manufacture of ASTM A36, ASME SA36 Carbon Structural Steel Shapes, Plates, Bars

Manufacture of ASTM A36, ASME SA36 Carbon Structural Steel Shapes, Plates, Bars

Manufacturer of ASTM A-36, ASME SA-36 Carbon Structural Steels Shape, Plate, Bar
Designation: A36/A36M − 14
Standard Specification for
Carbon Structural Steel1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A36/A36M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.

1. Scope*
   1.1 This specification2 covers carbon steel shapes, plates,
   and bars of structural quality for use in riveted, bolted, or
   welded construction of bridges and buildings, and for general
   structural purposes.
   1.2 Supplementary requirements are provided for use where
   additional testing or additional restrictions are required by the
   purchaser. Such requirements apply only when specified in the
   purchase order.
   1.3 When the steel is to be welded, a welding procedure
   suitable for the grade of steel and intended use or service is to
   be utilized. See Appendix X3 of Specification A6/A6M for
   information on weldability.
   1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
   are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
   SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
   system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system is to
   be used independently of the other, without combining values
   in any way.
   1.5 The text of this specification contains notes or footnotes,
   or both, that provide explanatory material. Such notes and
   footnotes, excluding those in tables and figures, do not contain
   any mandatory requirements.
   1.6 For structural products produced from coil and furnished
   without heat treatment or with stress relieving only, the
   additional requirements, including additional testing requirements
   and the reporting of additional test results, of A6/A6M
   apply.
2. Referenced Documents
   2.1 ASTM Standards:3
   A6/A6M Specification for General Requirements for Rolled
   Structural Steel Bars, Plates, Shapes, and Sheet Piling
   A27/A27M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, for
   General Application
   A307 Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts, Studs, and
   Threaded Rod 60 000 PSI Tensile Strength
   A325 Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated,
   120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength
   A325M Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat
   Treated 830 MPa Minimum Tensile Strength (Metric)
   A500 Specification for Cold-Formed Welded and Seamless
   Carbon Steel Structural Tubing in Rounds and Shapes
   A501 Specification for Hot-Formed Welded and Seamless
   Carbon Steel Structural Tubing
   A502 Specification for Rivets, Steel, Structural
   A563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts
   A563M Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts (Metric)
   A668/A668M Specification for Steel Forgings, Carbon and
   Alloy, for General Industrial Use
   A1011/A1011M Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip,
   Hot-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-
   Alloy, High-Strength Low-Alloy with Improved
   Formability, and Ultra-High Strength
   A1018/A1018M Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip,
   Heavy-Thickness Coils, Hot-Rolled, Carbon,
   Commercial, Drawing, Structural, High-Strength Low-
   Alloy, High-Strength Low-Alloy with Improved
   Formability, and Ultra-High Strength
   F568M Specification for Carbon and 1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Alloy Steel Externally
   Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
   A01.02 on Structural Steel for Bridges, Buildings, Rolling Stock and Ships.
   Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014. Published December 2014. Originally
   approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as A36/A36M – 12. DOI:
   10.1520/A0036_A0036M-14.
   2 For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Applications, see related Specifications
   SA-36 in Section II of that Code.
   3 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
   contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
   Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
   the ASTM website.
   *A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
   Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
   1
   Threaded Metric Fasteners (Metric) (Withdrawn 2012)4
   F1554 Specification for Anchor Bolts, Steel, 36, 55, and
   105-ksi Yield Strength
3. Appurtenant Materials
   3.1 When components of a steel structure are identified with
   this ASTM designation but the product form is not listed in the
   scope of this specification, the material shall conform to one of
   the standards listed in Table 1 unless otherwise specified by the
   purchaser.
4. General Requirements for Delivery
   4.1 Structural products furnished under this specification
   shall conform to the requirements of the current edition of
   Specification A6/A6M, for the specific structural product
   ordered, unless a conflict exists in which case this specification
   shall prevail.
   4.2 Coils are excluded from qualification to this specification
   until they are processed into a finished structural product.
   Structural products produced from coil means structural products
   that have been cut to individual lengths from a coil. The
   processor directly controls, or is responsible for, the operations
   involved in the processing of a coil into a finished structural
   product. Such operations include decoiling, leveling or
   straightening, hot-forming or cold-forming (if applicable),
   cutting to length, testing, inspection, conditioning, heat treatment
   (if applicable), packaging, marking, loading for shipment,
   and certification.
   NOTE 1—For structural products produced from coil and furnished
   without heat treatment or with stress relieving only, two test results are to
   be reported for each qualifying coil. Additional requirements regarding
   structural products produced from coil are described in Specification
   A6/A6M.
5. Bearing Plates
   5.1 Unless otherwise specified, plates used as bearing plates
   for bridges shall be subjected to mechanical tests and shall
   conform to the tensile requirements of Section 8.
   5.2 Unless otherwise specified, mechanical tests shall not be
   required for plates over 11⁄2 in. [40 mm] in thickness used as
   bearing plates in structures other than bridges, subject to the
   requirement that they shall contain 0.20 to 0.33 % carbon by
   heat analysis, that the chemical composition shall conform to
   the requirements ofTable 3 in phosphorus and sulfur content,
   and that a sufficient discard shall be made to secure sound
   plates.
6. Materials and Manufacture
   6.1 The steel shall be killed
7. Chemical Composition
   7.1 The heat analysis shall conform to the requirements
   prescribed in Table 3, except as specified in 5.2.
   7.2 The steel shall conform on product analysis to the
   requirements prescribed in Table 3, subject to the product
   analysis tolerances in Specification A6/A6M.
8. Tension Test
   8.1 The material as represented by the test specimen, except
   as specified in 5.2 and 8.2, shall conform to the requirements as
   to the tensile properties prescribed in Table 2.
   8.2 Shapes less than 1 in.2 [645 mm2] in cross section and
   bars, other than flats, less than 1⁄2 in. [12.5 mm] in thickness or
   diameter need not be subjected to tension tests by the
   manufacturer, provided that the chemical composition used is
   appropriate for obtaining the tensile properties in Table 2.
9. Keywords
   9.1 bars; bolted construction; bridges; buildings; carbon;
   plates; riveted construction; shapes; steel; structural steel;
   welded construction
   4 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
   www.astm.org.
   TABLE 1 Appurtenant Material Specifications
   NOTE 1—The specifier should be satisfied of the suitability of these
   materials for the intended application. Chemical composition or mechanical
   properties, or both, may be different than specified in A36/A36M.
   Material ASTM Designation
   Steel rivets A502, Grade 1
   Bolts A307, Grade A or F568M, Class 4.6
   High-strength bolts A325 or A325M
   Steel nuts A563 or A563M
   Cast steel A27/A27M, Grade 65–35 [450–240]
   Forgings (carbon steel) A668/A668M, Class D
   Hot-rolled sheets and strip A1011/A1011M, SS Grade 36 [250] Type
   1 or Type 2 or A1018/A1018M, SS Grade
   36 [250]
   Cold-formed tubing A500, Grade B
   Hot-formed tubing A501
   Anchor bolts F1554, Grade 36
   TABLE 2 Tensile RequirementsA
   Plates, Shapes,B and Bars:
   Tensile strength, ksi [MPa] 58–80 [400–550]
   Yield point, min, ksi [MPa] 36 [250]C
   Plates and Bars:D,E
   Elongation in 8 in. [200 mm], min, % 20
   Elongation in 2 in. [50 mm], min, % 23
   Shapes:
   Elongation in 8 in. [200 mm], min, % 20
   Elongation in 2 in. [50 mm], min, % 21B
   A See the Orientation subsection in the Tension Tests section of Specification
   A6/A6M.
   B For wide flange shapes with flange thickness over 3 in. [75 mm], the 80 ksi [550
   MPa] maximum tensile strength does not apply and a minimum elongation in 2 in.
   [50 mm] of 19 % applies.
   C Yield point 32 ksi [220 MPa] for plates over 8 in. [200 mm] in thickness.
   D Elongation not required to be determined for floor plate.
   E For plates wider than 24 in. [600 mm], the elongation requirement is reduced two
   percentage points. See the Elongation Requirement Adjustments subsection
   under the Tension Tests section of Specification A6/A6M.
   A36/A36M − 14
   2
   SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
   These requirements shall not apply unless specified in the order.
   Standardized supplementary requirements for use at the option of the purchaser are listed in
   Specification A6/A6M. Those that are considered suitable for use with this specification are listed by
   title:
   S5. Charpy V-Notch Impact Test.
   S30. Charpy V-Notch Impact Test for Structural Shapes:
   Alternate Core Location
   S32. Single Heat Bundles
   S32.1 Bundles containing shapes or bars shall be from a
   single heat of steel.
   SUMMARY OF CHANGES
   Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
   (A36/A36M – 12) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Dec. 1, 2014.)
   (1) Revised Table 3 to modify phosphorus and sulfur limits for
   plate products greater than 15 in. [380 mm] in width.
   TABLE 3 Chemical Requirements
   NOTE 1—Where “. . .” appears in this table, there is no requirement. The heat analysis for manganese shall be determined and reported as described
   in the heat analysis section of Specification A6/A6M.
   Product ShapesA Plates > 15-in. [380 mm] WidthB Bars; Plates # 15-in. [380 mm] WidthB
   Thickness, in. [mm] All
   To 3⁄4
   [20],
   incl
   Over 3⁄4
   to 11⁄2
   [20 to 40],
   incl
   Over 11⁄2
   to 21⁄2
   [40 to 65],
   incl
   Over 21⁄2
   to 4
   [65 to 100],
   incl
   Over 4
   [100]
   To 3⁄4
   [20],
   incl
   Over 3⁄4
   to 11⁄2
   [20 to 40],
   incl
   Over 11⁄2
   to 4
   [100],
   incl
   Over 4
   [100]
   Carbon, max, % 0.26 0.25 0.25 0.26 0.27 0.29 0.26 0.27 0.28 0.29
   Manganese, % … … 0.80–1.20 0.80–1.20 0.85–1.20 0.85–1.20 … 0.60–0.90 0.60–0.90 0.60–0.90
   Phosphorus, max, % 0.04 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04
   Sulfur, max, % 0.05 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
   Silicon, % 0.40 max 0.40 max 0.40 max 0.15–0.40 0.15–0.40 0.15–0.40 0.40 max 0.40 max 0.40 max 0.40 max
   Copper, min, % when
   cop per steel is specified
   0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
   A Manganese content of 0.85–1.35 % and silicon content of 0.15–0.40 % is required for shapes with flange thickness over 3 in. [75 mm].
   B For each reduction of 0.01 percentage point below the specified carbon maximum, an increase of 0.06 percentage point manganese above the specified maximum will
   be permitted, up to the maximum of 1.35 %.
   A36/A36M − 14

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