Manufacture of ASTM A322, ASME SA322 Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel Rods, Bars

Manufacturer of ASTM A-322, ASME SA-322 Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel Rod, Bar
Designation: A 322 – 91 (Reapproved 2001)e1
Standard Specification for
Steel Bars, Alloy, Standard Grades1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 322; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
e1 NOTE—A correction was made to Table 1 in May 2004.

Scope
1.1 This specification covers hot-wrought alloy steel bars.
Bar applications include forging, heat treating, cold drawing,
machining and many structural components (Note 1).
NOTE 1—A guide for the selection of steel bars is contained in Practice
A 400.
1.2 The bars shall be furnished in the grades specified in
Table 1. Sections and sizes of bar steel available are covered in
Specification A 29/A 29M. Hot-wrought alloy steel bars are
produced in cut lengths and coils; the manufacturer should be
consulted regarding sections and sizes available in coils,
produced to a chemical composition.
1.3 Some applications may require superior surface quality,
or special chemical restrictions, metallurgical characteristics,
heat treatment, or surface finishes which the purchaser may
obtain by designating one or more of the available Supplementary
Requirements.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as the standard.
Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A 29/A 29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy,
Hot-Wrought and Cold-Finished, General Requirements
for2
A 304 Specification for Steel Bars, Alloy, Subject to End-
Quench Hardenability Requirements2
A 400 Practice for Steel Bars, Selection Guide, Composition,
and Mechanical Properties2
E 112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size3
E 381 Method of Macroetch Testing, Inspection, and Rating
Steel Products, Comprising Bars, Billets, Blooms, and
Forgings3
E 527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS)4
Ordering Information
3.1 Orders under this specification should include the following
as required to describe adequately the desired material:
3.1.1 Quantity (weight or number of bars),
3.1.2 Name of material (hot-wrought alloy steel bars),
3.1.3 Dimensions,
3.1.4 ASTM designation,
3.1.5 Deoxidation practice (see 5.3),
3.1.6 Grade designation or chemical composition limits (see
6.1 and Table 1),
3.1.7 Grain size if required,
3.1.8 Test reports, if required (Section 8),
3.1.9 Additions to the specification and Supplementary
Requirements, if required, and
3.1.10 Application.
General Requirements
4.1 Material furnished under this specification shall conform
to the applicable requirements of the current edition of
Specification A 29/A 29M, unless otherwise provided herein.
Materials and Manufacture
5.1 The steel shall be made by one or more of the following
primary processes: open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electricfurnace.
The primary melting may incorporate separate degassing
or refining and may be followed by secondary melting
using electro-slag remelting or vacuum arc remelting. Where
secondary melting is employed, the heat shall be defined as all
of the ingots remelted from a single primary heat.
5.2 The steel shall be furnished as strand cast or ingot cast,
unless otherwise specified.
5.3 Deoxidation—Killed steel is required.
5.3.1 The purchaser may designate that the steel be made to
coarse or fine austenitic grain size. (See Supplementary Requirement
S9 or S10.)
5.4 Slow Cooling—Immediately after hot forming, the bars
shall be allowed to cool to a temperature below the critical
1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.15 on Bars.
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 1991. Published October 1991. Originally
published as A 322 – 47 T. Last previous edition A 322 – 90b.
2 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05.
3 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01. 4 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01.
1
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range under suitable conditions to prevent imperfections
caused by too rapid cooling.
5.5 Thermal Treatment—Various thermal treatments such as
annealing, stress relief, quench and temper, normalize, etc., are
available. Such treatments must be specified as a Supplementary
Requirement.
Chemical Composition
6.1 The heat analysis shall conform to the requirements for
chemical composition in Table 1 for the grade specified.
TABLE 1 Grade Designations and Chemical Compositions of Hot-Wrought Alloy Steel BarsA,B
UNS
DesignationC
GradeD
Designations
Chemical Composition, Ranges and Limits, %
Carbon Manganese Phosphorus,
max
Sulfur,E
max
SiliconF Nickel Chromium Molybdenum
G13300 1330 0.28–0.33 1.60–1.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 … … …
G13350 1335 0.33–0.38 1.60–1.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 … … …
G13400 1340 0.38–0.43 1.60–1.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 … … …
G13450 1345 0.43–0.48 1.60–1.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 … … …
G40230 4023 0.20–0.25 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 … … 0.20–0.30
G40240 4024 0.20–0.25 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.035– 0.15–0.35 … … 0.20–0.30
0.050
G40270 4027 0.25–0.30 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 … … 0.20–0.30
G40280 4028 0.25–0.30 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.035– 0.15–0.35 … … 0.20–0.30
0.050
G40370 4037 0.35–0.40 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 .. … 0.20–0.30
G40470 4047 0.45–0.50 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 … … 0.20–0.30
G41180 4118 0.18–0.23 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 … 0.40–0.60 0.08–0.15
G41200 0.18–0.23 0.90–1.20 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 … 0.40–0.60 0.13–0.20
G41210 0.18–0.23 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 … 0.45–0.65 0.20–0.30
G41300 4130 0.28–0.33 0.40–0.60 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 … 0.80–1.10 0.15–0.25
G41370 4137 0.35–0.40 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 … 0.80–1.10 0.15–0.25
G41400 4140 0.38–0.43 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 … 0.80–1.10 0.15–0.25
G41420 4142 0.40–0.45 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 … 0.80–1.10 0.15–0.25
G41450 4145 0.43–0.48 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 … 0.80–1.10 0.15–0.25
G41470 4147 0.45–0.50 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 … 0.80–1.10 0.15–0.25
G41500 4150 0.48–0.53 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 … 0.80–1.10 0.15–0.25
G41610 4161 0.56–0.64 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 … 0.70–0.90 0.25–0.35
G43200 4320 0.17–0.22 0.45–0.65 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 1.65–2.00 0.40–0.60 0.20–0.30
G43400 4340 0.38–0.43 0.60–0.80 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 1.65–2.00 0.70–0.90 0.20–0.30
G43406 E4340 0.38–0.43 0.65–0.85 0.025 0.025 0.15–0.35 1.65–2.00 0.70–0.90 0.20–0.30
G46150 4615 0.13–0.18 0.45–0.65 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 1.65–2.00 … 0.20–0.30
G46200 4620 0.17–0.22 0.45–0.65 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 1.65–2.00 … 0.20–0.30
G46210 4621 0.18–0.23 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 1.65–2.00 … 0.20–0.30
G46260 4626 0.24–0.29 0.45–0.65 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.70–1.00 … 0.15–0.25
G47150 0.13–0.18 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.70–1.00 0.45–0.65 0.45–0.60
G47200 4720 0.17–0.22 0.50–0.70 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.90–1.20 0.35–0.55 0.15–0.25
G48150 4815 0.13–0.18 0.40–0.60 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 3.25–3.75 … 0.20–0.30
G48170 4817 0.13–0.20 0.40–0.60 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 3.25–3.75 … 0.20–0.30
G48200 4820 0.18–0.23 0.50–0.70 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 3.25–3.75 … 0.20–0.30
G51170 5117 0.15–0.20 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 … 0.70–0.90 …
G51200 5120 0.17–0.22 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 … 0.70–0.90 …
G51300 5130 0.28–0.33 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 … 0.80–1.10 …
G51320 5132 0.30–0.35 0.60–0.80 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 … 0.75–1.00 …
G51350 5135 0.33–0.38 0.60–0.80 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 … 0.80–1.05 …
G51400 5140 0.38–0.43 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 … 0.70–0.90 …
G51500 5150 0.48–0.53 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 … 0.70–0.90 …
G51550 5155 0.51–0.59 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 … 0.70–0.90 …
G51600 5160 0.56–0.64 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 … 0.70–0.90 …
G51986 E51100 0.98–1.10 0.25–0.45 0.025 0.025 0.15–0.35 … 0.90–1.15 …
G52986 E52100 0.98–1.10 0.25–0.45 0.025 0.025 0.15–0.35 … 1.30–1.60 …
Vanadium
G61180 6118 0.16–0.21 0.50–0.70 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 … 0.50–0.70 0.10–0.15
G61500 6150 0.48–0.53 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 … 0.80–1.10 0.15 min
Molybdenum
G86150 8615 0.13–0.18 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.04 0.15–0.35 0.40–0.70 0.40–0.60 0.15–0.25
G86170 8617 0.15–0.20 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.40–0.70 0.40–0.60 0.15–0.25
G86200 8620 0.18–0.23 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.04 0.15–0.35 0.40–0.70 0.40–0.60 0.15–0.25
G86220 8622 0.20–0.25 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.40–0.70 0.40–0.60 0.15–0.25
G86250 8625 0.23–0.28 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.40–0.70 0.40–0.60 0.15–0.25
G86270 8627 0.25–0.30 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.40–0.70 0.40–0.60 0.15–0.25
G86300 8630 0.28–0.33 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.40–0.70 0.40–0.60 0.15–0.25
G86370 8637 0.35–0.40 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.40–0.70 0.40–0.60 0.15–0.25
G86400 8640 0.38–0.43 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.40–0.70 0.40–0.60 0.15–0.25
G86420 8642 0.40–0.45 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.40–0.70 0.40–0.60 0.15–0.25
A 322 – 91 (2001)e1
2
TABLE 1 Continued
UNS
DesignationC
GradeD
Designations
Chemical Composition, Ranges and Limits, %
Carbon Manganese Phosphorus,
max
Sulfur,E
max
SiliconF Nickel Chromium Molybdenum
G86450 8645 0.43–0.48 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.40–0.70 0.40–0.60 0.15–0.25
G86550 8655 0.51–0.59 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.40–0.70 0.40–0.60 0.15–0.25
G87200 8720 0.18–0.23 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.40–0.70 0.40–0.60 0.20–0.30
G87400 8740 0.38–0.43 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.40–0.70 0.40–0.60 0.20–0.30
G88220 8822 0.20–0.25 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.40–0.70 0.40–0.60 0.30–0.40
G92590 9259 0.56–0.64 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.70–1.10 … 0.45–0.65 …
G92600 9260 0.56–0.64 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 1.80–2.20 … … …
Standard Boron SteelsG
G50441 50B44 0.43–0.48 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 … 0.20–0.60 …
G50461 50B46 0.44–0.49 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 … 0.20–0.35 …
G50501 50B50 0.48–0.53 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 … 0.40–0.60 …
G50601 50B60 0.56–0.64 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 … 0.40–0.60 …
G51601 51B60 0.56–0.64 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 … 0.70–0.90 …
G81451 81B45 0.43–0.48 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.20–0.40 0.35–0.55 0.08–0.15
G94171 94B17 0.15–0.20 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.30–0.60 0.30–0.50 0.08–0.15
G94301 94B30 0.28–0.33 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.30–0.60 0.30–0.50 0.08–0.15
A Small quantities of certain elements are present in alloy steels which are not specified or required. These elements are considered as incidental and may be present
to the following maximum amounts: copper 0.35 %, nickel 0.25 %, chromium 0.20 %, and molybdenum 0.06 %.
B Standard alloy steels can be produced with a lead range of 0.15 to 0.35 %. Such steels are identified by inserting the letter “L” between the second and third numerals
of the number, that is, 41L40. A cast or heat analysis is not determinable when lead is added to the ladle stream
C New designation established in accordance with Practice E 527
D Grade designations correspond to the respective AISI and SAE designations. Grade compositions correspond to the respective AISI compositions.
E Where minimum and maximum sulfur contents are shown, it is indicative of resulfurized steel
F Silicon may be specified by the purchaser as 0.10 % maximum. The need for 0.10 % maximum generally relates to severely cold-formed parts.
G These steels can be expected to contain 0.0005 to 0.003 boron %. If the usual titanium additive is not permitted, the steels can be expected to contain up to 0.005%
boron.
6.2 The composition of the steel furnished under this
specification may be other than listed in Table 1 when agreed
upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser as out-lined
in Specification A 29/A 29M (Table on Heat Analysis Chemical
Ranges and Limits of Alloy Steel Bars).
Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
7.1 Workmanship—The bars shall be free of pipe, cracks,
and flakes. Within the limits of good manufacturing and
inspection practices, the bars shall be free of injurious seams,
laps, segregation, or other imperfections which due to their
nature, degree, or extent, will interfere with the use of the
material in machining or fabrication of suitable parts.
7.2 Descaling—When descaled bars are required, Supplementary
Requirement S12 on Pickling or S13 on Blast Cleaning
must be specified.
Certification and Test Reports
8.1 When specified by the purchaser, a manufacturer’s
certification that the material was manufactured and tested in
accordance with this specification, together with a report of the
cast or heat analysis test results for the specified elements, shall
be furnished. The report shall include the name of the manufacturer,
ASTM designation and year date and revision letter, if
any, type and grade, heat number, and size.
8.2 When Supplementary Requirements are specified, the
report shall include a statement of compliance with the
requirement of the results of tests when the requirement
involves measured test values.
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
One or more of the following Supplementary Requirements shall apply when specified by the
purchaser.
S1. Axle Shaft Quality
S1.1 Axle shaft quality applies to hot-rolled steel bars
intended for the manufacture of power-driven axle shafts of the
automotive or truck type, which by their design or method of
manufacture are not machined all over or have less than
recommended stock removed for the proper clean-up of normal
surface imperfections.
S2. Ball and Roller Bearing Quality and Bearing Quality
S2.1 This quality applies to steel intended for antifriction
bearings.
S3. Cold Shearing Quality
S3.1 When the bar size exceeds certain limits, it is recommended
that cold shearing quality steel be ordered. This quality
A 322 – 91 (2001)e1
3
will provide characteristics which permit cold shearing without
cracking. The producer should be consulted in establishing the
proper practice.
S4. Cold Working Quality
S4.1 This classification encompasses bars subject to severe
cold plastic deformation such as, but not limited to, upsetting,
heading, forging, forward or backward extrusion.
S4.2 If the type of steel or chemical composition does not
have adequate cold working characteristics, appropriate thermal
treatments should be specified.
S4.3 When Supplementary Requirement S1 is specified, the
bars shall be produced by manufacturing practices and subjected
to mill tests and inspection and freedom from injurious
surface imperfections to the extent that the bars shall be
suitable for the manufacture of identified parts. The quality
requirements of individual application vary.
S5. Aircraft Quality or Magnaflux Quality
S5.1 These quality designations apply to alloy steels for
important or highly stressed parts of aircraft and for other
similar or corresponding purposes involving additional stringent
requirements, such as: magnetic particle inspection; additional
discard; macroetch tests (see Method E 381); and hardenability
control (see Specification A 304).
S6. Annealing
S6.1 The steel shall be furnished annealed.
S7. Spheroidize Annealing
S7.1 The steel shall be spheroidize annealed.
S8. Stress Relieving
S8.1 The steel shall be stress relieved by heating to a
temperature specified by the purchaser or to a temperature
selected by the manufacturer.
S9. Grain Size (Coarse)
S9.1 The steel shall conform to the coarse austenitic grain
size requirement of Specification A 29/A 29M.
S10. Grain Size (Fine)
S10.1 The steel shall be killed and shall have austenitic
grain size of 5 to 8 and finer (fine grain), to be determined in
accordance with the comparison procedure in Test Methods
E 112. The grain structure shall be considered satisfactory
when a minimum of the rated grains are 70 % within the
specified size limits.
S11. Special Straightness
S11.1 The bars shall be produced with special straightness
(see Specification A 29/A 29M for tolerances).
S12. Pickling
S12.1 The surface of the bars shall be descaled by pickling.
S13. Cleaning
S13.1 The surface of the bars shall be descaled by blast
cleaning or other mechanical methods.
S14. Coating
S14.1 The bars shall be oiled, limed, or phosphate-coated as
specified by the purchaser. The purchaser shall also specify the
method of cleaning (Supplementary Requirement S12 or S13);
otherwise, the bars shall be descaled by pickling or blasting at
the manufacturer’s option.
A 322 – 91 (2001)e1

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