Manufacture of ASTM A20, ASME SA20 Steel Plates for Pressure Vessels

Manufacturer of ASTM A-20, ASME SA-20 Steel Plate for Pressure Vessel
Designation: A20/A20M – 17
Standard Specification for
General Requirements for Steel Plates for Pressure Vessels1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A20/A20M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.

Scope*
1.1 This general requirements specification2 covers a group
of common requirements that, unless otherwise specified in the
applicable product specification, apply to rolled steel plates for
pressure vessels covered by each of the following product
specifications issued by ASTM:
Title of Specification ASTM DesignationA
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Nickel A203/A203M
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Molybdenum A204/A204M
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Manganese-
Vanadium-Nickel
A225/A225M
Stainless Chromium Steel-Clad Plate A263
Stainless Chromium-Nickel Steel-Clad Plate A264
Nickel and Nickel-Base Alloy-Clad Steel Plate A265
Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, Low- and
Intermediate-Tensile Strength
A285/A285M
Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, Manganese-Silicon A299/A299M
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Manganese-
Molybdenum and Manganese-Molybdenum-Nickel
A302/A302M
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Double-
Normalized and Tempered 9 % Nickel
A353/A353M
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Chromium-
Molybdenum
A387/A387M
Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, High Strength
Manganese
A455/A455M
Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, for Intermediateand
Higher-Temperature Service
A515/A515M
Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, Moderate- and
Lower-Temperature Service
A516/A516M
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, High-Strength,
Quenched and Tempered
A517/A517M
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Quenched and
Tempered, Manganese-Molybdenum and Manganese-
Molybdenum-Nickel
A533/A533M
Title of Specification ASTM DesignationA
Pressure Vessel Plates, Heat-Treated, Carbon-
Manganese-Silicon Steel
A537/A537M
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Quenched-and-
Tempered, Chromium-Molybdenum, and Chromium-
Molybdenum-Vanadium
A542/A542M
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Quenched and
Tempered Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum
A543/A543M
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Quenched and
Tempered 7, 8, and 9 % Nickel
A553/A553M
Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, Manganese-
Titanium for Glass or Diffused Metallic Coatings
A562/A562M
Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, High Strength, for
Moderate and Lower Temperature Service
A612/A612M
Pressure Vessel Plates, 5 % and 51/2 % Nickel Alloy
Steels, Specially Heat Treated
A645/A645M
Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon-Manganese-Silicon
Steel, for Moderate and Lower Temperature Service
A662/A662M
Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon-Manganese-Silicon
Steel, Quenched and Tempered, for Welded Pressure
Vessels
A724/A724M
Pressure Vessel Plates, Low-Carbon Age-Hardening
Nickel-Copper-Chromium-Molybdenum-Columbium
(Niobium) Alloy Steel
A736/A736M
Pressure Vessel Plates, High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel A737/A737M
Pressure Vessel Plates, Heat-Treated, Carbon-
Manganese-Silicon Steel, for Moderate and Lower
Temperature Service
A738/A738M
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Chromium-
Molybdenum-Vanadium
A832/A832M
Steel Plates for Pressure Vessels, Produced by
Thermo-Mechanical Control Process (TMCP)
A841/A841M
Steel Plates, 9 % Nickel Alloy, for Pressure Vessels,
Produced by the Direct-Quenching Process
A844/A844M
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Chromium-
Molybdenum-Tungsten
A1017/A1017M
A These designations refer to the latest issue of the respective specification which
appears in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.04.
1.1.1 This general requirements specification also covers a
group of supplementary requirements that are applicable to
several of the above product specifications as indicated therein.
Such requirements are provided for use if additional testing or
additional restrictions are required by the purchaser, and apply
only if specified individually in the purchase order.
1.2 Appendix X1 provides information on coil as a source
of plates for pressure vessels.
1.3 Appendix X2 provides information on the variability of
tensile properties in plates for pressure vessels.
1.4 Appendix X3 provides information on the variability of
Charpy-V-Notch impact test properties in plates for pressure
vessels.
1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.11 on Steel Plates for Boilers and Pressure Vessels.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2017. Published November 2017. Originally
approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as A20/A20M – 15. DOI:
10.1520/A0020_A0020M-17.
2 For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specification
SA-20/SA-20M in Section II of that Code.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
1.5 Appendix X4 provides information on cold bending of
plates, including suggested minimum inside radii for cold
bending.
1.6 These materials are intended to be suitable for fusion
welding. When the steel is to be welded, it is presupposed that
a welding procedure suitable for the grade of steel and intended
use or service will be utilized.
1.7 In case of any conflict in requirements, the requirements
of the applicable product specification prevail over those of this
general requirements specification.
1.8 Additional requirements that are specified in the purchase
order and accepted by the supplier are permitted,
provided that such requirements do not negate any of the
requirements of this general requirements specification or the
applicable product specification.
1.9 For purposes of determining conformance with this
general requirements specification and the applicable product
specification, values are to be rounded to the nearest unit in the
right-hand place of figures used in expressing the limiting
values in accordance with the rounding method of Practice
E29.
1.10 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
with the standard.
1.11 This general requirements specification and the applicable
product specification are expressed in both inch-pound
units and SI units; unless the order specifies the applicable “M”
specification designation (SI units), the plates are to be
furnished to inch-pound units.
1.12 This international standard was developed in accordance
with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations
issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:3
A203/A203M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy
Steel, Nickel
A204/A204M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy
Steel, Molybdenum
A225/A225M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy
Steel, Manganese-Vanadium-Nickel
A263 Specification for Stainless Chromium Steel-Clad Plate
A264 Specification for Stainless Chromium-Nickel Steel-
Clad Plate
A265 Specification for Nickel and Nickel-Base Alloy-Clad
Steel Plate
A285/A285M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon
Steel, Low- and Intermediate-Tensile Strength
A299/A299M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon
Steel, Manganese-Silicon
A302/A302M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy
Steel, Manganese-Molybdenum and Manganese-
Molybdenum-Nickel
A353/A353M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy
Steel, Double-Normalized and Tempered 9 % Nickel
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
of Steel Products
A387/A387M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy
Steel, Chromium-Molybdenum
A435/A435M Specification for Straight-Beam Ultrasonic
Examination of Steel Plates
A455/A455M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon
Steel, High-Strength Manganese
A515/A515M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon
Steel, for Intermediate- and Higher-Temperature Service
A516/A516M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon
Steel, for Moderate- and Lower-Temperature Service
A517/A517M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy
Steel, High-Strength, Quenched and Tempered
A533/A533M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy
Steel, Quenched and Tempered, Manganese-Molybdenum
and Manganese-Molybdenum-Nickel
A537/A537M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Heat-
Treated, Carbon-Manganese-Silicon Steel
A542/A542M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy
Steel, Quenched-and-Tempered, Chromium-
Molybdenum, and Chromium-Molybdenum-Vanadium
A543/A543M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy
Steel, Quenched and Tempered Nickel-Chromium-
Molybdenum
A553/A553M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy
Steel, Quenched and Tempered 7, 8, and 9 % Nickel
A562/A562M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon
Steel, Manganese-Titanium for Glass or Diffused
Metallic Coatings
A577/A577M Specification for Ultrasonic Angle-Beam Examination
of Steel Plates
A578/A578M Specification for Straight-Beam Ultrasonic
Examination of Rolled Steel Plates for Special Applications
A612/A612M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon
Steel, High Strength, for Moderate and Lower Temperature
Service
A645/A645M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, 5 %
and 51/2 % Nickel Alloy Steels, Specially Heat Treated
A662/A662M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates,
Carbon-Manganese-Silicon Steel, for Moderate and
Lower Temperature Service
A700 Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods
for Steel Products for Shipment
A724/A724M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates,
Carbon-Manganese-Silicon Steel, Quenched and
Tempered, for Welded Pressure Vessels
3 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
A20/A20M – 17
2
A736/A736M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Low-
Carbon Age-Hardening Nickel-Copper-Chromium-
Molybdenum-Columbium (Niobium) Alloy Steel
A737/A737M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, High-
Strength, Low-Alloy Steel
A738/A738M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Heat-
Treated, Carbon-Manganese-Silicon Steel, for Moderate
and Lower Temperature Service
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical
Analysis of Steel Products
A770/A770M Specification for Through-Thickness Tension
Testing of Steel Plates for Special Applications
A832/A832M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy
Steel, Chromium-Molybdenum-Vanadium
A841/A841M Specification for Steel Plates for Pressure
Vessels, Produced by Thermo-Mechanical Control Process
(TMCP)
A844/A844M Specification for Steel Plates, 9 % Nickel
Alloy, for Pressure Vessels, Produced by the Direct-
Quenching Process
A941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related
Alloys, and Ferroalloys
A1017/A1017M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates,
Alloy Steel, Chromium-Molybdenum-Tungsten
E21 Test Methods for Elevated Temperature Tension Tests of
Metallic Materials
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
Determine Conformance with Specifications
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
E208 Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test to
Determine Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of Ferritic
Steels
E709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing
2.2 American Society of Mechanical Engineers Code:4
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX
2.3 U.S. Federal Standard:5
Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
2.4 Automotive Industry Action Group Standard:6
B 1 Bar Code Symbology Standard
Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 coil—hot-rolled steel in coil form for processing into
finished plates.
3.1.2 exclusive—when used in relation to ranges, as for
ranges of thicknesses in the tables of permissible variations in
dimensions, the term is intended to exclude only the greater
value of the range. Thus, a range from 60 to 72 in. [1500 to
1800 mm] exclusive includes 60 in. [1500 mm], but does not
include 72 in. [1800 mm].
3.1.3 heat treatment terms—see 3.1.8, and Terminology
A941.
3.1.4 hot forming—a forming operation producing permanent
deformation, performed after the plate has been heated to
the temperature required to produce grain refinement.
3.1.5 manufacturer—the organization that directly controls
the conversion of steel ingots or slabs, by hot rolling, into
plate-as-rolled or into coil; and for plates produced from
plate-as-rolled, the organization that directly controls, or is
responsible for, one or more of the operations involved in
finishing the plates. Such finishing operations include leveling,
cutting to length, testing, inspection, conditioning, heat treatment
(if applicable), packaging, marking, loading for shipment,
and certification.
3.1.5.1 Discussion—The finishing operations need not be
done by the organization that did the hot rolling of the plate.
For plates produced from coil, see also 3.1.1.
3.1.6 plate identifier—the alpha, numeric, or alphanumeric
designation used to identify the plate.
3.1.7 plates—flat hot-rolled steel, ordered to thickness or
weight and typically to width and length, commonly available
by size as follows:
Width, in. [mm] Thickness, in. [mm]
Over 8 [200] over 0.229 [6.0 mm and over]
Over 48 [1200] over 0.179 [4.6 mm and over]
3.1.7.1 Discussion—Steel plates are available in various
thickness, width, and length combinations dependent upon
equipment and processing capabilities of various manufacturers
and processors. Historic limitations of a plate based upon
dimensions (thickness, width, and length) do not take into
account current production and processing capabilities. To
qualify any plate to a particular product specification requires
that all appropriate and necessary tests be performed and that
the results meet the limits prescribed in that product specification.
If the necessary tests required by a product specification
can not be conducted, the plate can not be qualified to that
specification. This general requirements specification contains
permitted variations for the commonly available sizes. Permitted
variations for other sizes are subject to agreement between
the purchaser and the manufacturer or processor, whichever is
applicable.
3.1.8 precipitation heat treatment—a subcritical temperature
thermal treatment performed to cause precipitation of
submicroscopic constituents, and so forth, to result in enhancement
of some desirable property.
3.1.9 processor—the organization that directly controls, or
is responsible for, operations involved in the processing of coil
into finished plates. Such processing operations include
decoiling, leveling, cutting to length, testing, inspection,
conditioning, heat treatment (if applicable), packaging,
marking, loading for shipment, and certification.
3.1.9.1 Discussion—The processing operations need not be
done by the organization that did the hot rolling of the coil. If
only one organization is involved in the hot rolling and
processing operations, that organization is termed the manufacturer
for the hot rolling operation and the processor for the
4 Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
www.asme.org.
5 Available from DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave.,
Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, http://quicksearch.dla.mil.
6 Available from Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG), 26200 Lahser Rd.,
Suite 200, Southfield, MI 48033, http://www.aiag.org.
A20/A20M – 17
3
processing operations. If more than one organization is involved
in the hot rolling and processing operations, the
organization that did the hot rolling is termed the manufacturer
and the organization that does one or more processing operations
is termed a processor.
3.2 Refer to Terminology A941 for additional terms used in
this standard.
Ordering Information
4.1 Orders should include the following information, as
necessary, to adequately describe the desired product.
4.1.1 Quantity (weight [mass] or number of plates),
4.1.2 Dimensions,
4.1.3 Name of product (for example, plates, carbon steel;
plates, alloy steel),
4.1.4 Specification designation (including type, class, and
grade as applicable) and year-date,
4.1.5 Condition (as-rolled, normalized, quenched and
tempered, etc. If heat treatment of plate is to be performed by
the fabricator, this is to be stated. Also, if purchaser specifies a
heat-treatment cycle, this is to be stated),
4.1.6 Impact test requirements, if any (see Section 12). (For
Charpy V-notch test, include test specimen orientation, testing
temperature, and acceptance criteria. For drop-weight test, give
testing temperature),
4.1.7 Exclusion of either plates produced from coil or plates
produced from plate-as-rolled, if applicable. (See 5.4 and
Appendix X1.)
4.1.8 Limits for grain refining elements other than
aluminum, if applicable (see 8.3.2),
4.1.9 Paint marking (see 13.2.1),
4.1.10 Supplementary requirements, if any (test specimen
heat treatment, special impact test requirements, etc.), and
4.1.11 Additional requirements, if any.
Materials and Manufacture
5.1 The steel shall be made in an open-hearth, basic-oxygen,
or electric-arc furnace, possibly followed by additional refining
in a ladle metallurgy furnace (LMF), or by another method; or
secondary melting by vacuum-arc remelting (VAR), electroslag
remelting (ESR), or another method.
5.2 The steel may be strand cast or cast in stationary molds.
5.2.1 Strand Cast Slabs:
5.2.1.1 If heats of the same nominal chemical composition
are consecutively strand cast at one time, the heat number
assigned to the cast product (slab) may remain unchanged until
all of the steel in the slab is from the following heat.
5.2.1.2 When two consecutively strand cast heats have
different nominal chemical composition ranges, the manufacturer
shall remove the transition material by any established
procedure that positively separates the grades.
5.3 The ratio of reduction of thickness from a strand-cast
slab to plate shall be at least 3.0:1, except that reduction ratios
as low as 2.0:1 are permitted if all of the following limitations
are met:
5.3.1 The purchaser agrees to the use of such reduction
ratios.
5.3.2 The applicable product specification is A299/A299M,
A515/A515M, A516/A516M, A537/A537M, A662/A662M, or
A737/A737M.
5.3.3 The specified plate thickness is 3.0 in. [75 mm] or
more.
5.3.4 One or more of the following low hydrogen practices
are used: vacuum degassing during steelmaking; controlled
soaking of the slabs or plates; or controlled slow cooling of the
slabs or plates.
5.3.5 The sulfur content is 0.004 % or less, based upon heat
analysis.
5.3.6 One or more of the following practices are used:
electromagnetic stirring during strand casting; soft reduction
during strand casting; heavy pass reductions or other special
practices during plate rolling; or combined forging and rolling
during plate rolling.
5.3.7 The plates are ultrasonically examined in accordance
with Specification A578/A578M, Level C based on continuous
scanning over 100 % of the plate surface.
5.3.8 The plates are through-thickness tension tested in
accordance with Specification A770/A770M.
5.4 Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, plates
shall be produced from plate-as-rolled or from coil.
5.5 Coils are excluded from qualification to the applicable
product specification until they are decoiled, leveled, cut to
length, and tested by the processor in accordance with the
specified requirements (see Sections 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
16, and 20.)
5.5.1 Plates produced from coil shall not contain splice
welds, unless approved by the purchaser.
Heat Treatment
6.1 If plates are required to be heat treated, the heat
treatment shall be performed by the manufacturer, the
processor, or the fabricator, unless otherwise specified in the
applicable product specification.
6.2 If the heat treatment required by the applicable product
specification is to be performed by the purchaser or the
purchaser’s agent, and the plates are to be supplied by the
manufacturer or processor in a condition other than that
required by the applicable product specification, the order shall
so state.
6.2.1 If plates are ordered without the heat treatment required
by the applicable product specification, heat treatment
of the plates to conform to the requirements of the applicable
product specification shall be the responsibility of the purchaser.
6.3 If heat treatment is to be performed, the plates shall be
heat treated as specified in the applicable product specification.
The purchaser may specify the heat treatment to be used,
provided it is not in conflict with the requirements of the
applicable product specification.
6.4 If normalizing is to be performed by the fabricator, the
plates shall be either normalized or heated uniformly for hot
forming, provided that the temperature to which the plates are
heated for hot forming does not significantly exceed the
normalizing temperature.
A20/A20M – 17
4
6.5 If no heat treatment is required, the manufacturer or
processor shall have the option of heat treating the plates by
normalizing, stress relieving, or normalizing and then stress
relieving to meet the requirements of the applicable product
specification.
6.6 If approved by the purchaser, cooling rates faster than
those obtained by cooling in air are permissible to achieve
specified mechanical properties, provided that the plates are
subsequently tempered in the temperature range from 1100 to
1300°F [595 to 705°C].
Chemical Composition
7.1 Heat Analysis:
7.1.1 Sampling for chemical analysis and methods of analysis
shall be in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, and
Terminology A751.
7.1.2 For each heat, the heat analysis shall include determination
of the content of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur,
silicon, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, copper, vanadium,
columbium (niobium); any other element that is specified or
restricted by the applicable product specification for the
applicable grade, class, and type; aluminum, if the aluminum
content is to be used in place of austenitic grain size testing of
the heat (see 8.3.2.1); and any other austenitic grain refining
element for which limits are specified in the purchase order
(see 8.3.2).
7.1.3 Heat analyses shall conform to the heat analysis
requirements of the applicable product specification for the
applicable grade, class, and type. In addition, for elements that
are listed in Table 1 but are not specified or restricted in the
applicable product specification for the applicable grade, class,
and type, heat analyses shall conform to the applicable heat
analysis limits given in Table 1.
7.2 Product Analysis:
7.2.1 Sampling for chemical analysis and methods of analysis
shall be in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, and
Terminology A751.
7.2.2 For each plate-as-rolled, the purchaser shall have the
option of chemically analyzing a broken tension test specimen
or a sample taken from the same relative location as that from
which the tension test specimen was obtained.
7.2.3 For elements that are specified or restricted by the
applicable product specification for the applicable grade, class,
and type, product analyses shall conform to the product
analysis requirements of the applicable product specification
for the applicable grade, class, and type.
7.2.4 For elements that are listed in Table 1 but are not
specified or restricted by the applicable product specification
for the applicable grade, class, and type, product analyses shall
conform to the applicable product analysis limits given in
Table 1.
7.3 Referee Analysis—For referee purposes, Test Methods,
Practices, and Terminology A751 shall be used.
Metallurgical Structure
8.1 Where austenitic grain size testing is required, such
testing shall be a McQuaid Ehn test in accordance with Test
Methods E112 and at least 70 % of the grains in the area
examined shall meet the specified grain size requirement.
8.2 Coarse Austenitic Grain Size—Where coarse austenitic
grain size is specified one austenitic grain size test per heat
shall be made and the grain size number so determined shall be
in the range of 1 to 5 inclusive.
8.3 Fine Austenitic Grain Size:
8.3.1 Except as allowed in 8.3.2, and when fine austenitic
grain size is specified, or when the producer elects to determine
the grain size, one McQuaid Ehn test per heat shall be made
and the austenitic grain size number so determined shall be 5
or higher, and the chemical requirements of 8.3.2 do not apply.
NOTE 1—Such austenitic grain size numbers may be achieved with
lower contents of austenitic grain refining elements than 8.3.2 requires for
austenitic grain size testing to be waived.
8.3.2 Unless testing for fine austenitic grain size is specified
in the purchase order or the producer elects to test for fine
austenitic grain size, the austenitic grain size test need not be
made for any heat that has, by heat analysis, one or more of the
following:
TABLE 1 Limits on Elements (see 7.1.3 and 7.2.4)
Copper, max %A Heat analysis
Product analysis
0.40
0.43
Nickel, max %A Heat analysis
Product analysis
0.40
0.43
Chromium, max %A,B Heat analysis
Product analysis
0.30
0.34
Molybdenum, max %A,B Heat analysis
Product analysis
0.12
0.13
Vanadium, max %C Heat analysis
Product analysis
0.03
0.04
Columbium (Niobium),D max %E Heat analysis
Product analysis
0.02
0.03
Titanium, max %F Heat analysis
Product analysis
0.03
0.04
Boron, max % Heat analysis
Product analysis
0.0010
0.0015
A In addition for each heat, based upon the heat analysis, the sum of copper,
nickel, chromium, and molybdenum shall not exceed 1.00 %, unless one or more
of those elements are specified or restricted by the applicable product specification
for the applicable grade, class, and type.
B In addition for each heat, based upon the heat analysis, the sum of chromium
and molybdenum shall not exceed 0.32 %, unless one or both of those elements
are specified or restricted by the applicable product specification for the applicable
grade, class, and type.
C By agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, the heat analysis limit for
vanadium is permitted to be increased to a value not higher than 0.10 %, and the
product analysis limit for vanadium is permitted to be increased to a value not
higher than 0.11 %.
D Columbium and niobium are interchangeable names for the same element and
both names are acceptable for use in A01 specifications.
E By agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, the heat analysis limit for
columbium (niobium) is permitted to be increased to a value not higher that
0.05 %, and the product analysis limit for columbium (niobium) is permitted to be
increased to a value not higher than 0.06 %.
F By agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, the heat analysis limit for
titanium is permitted to be increased to a value not higher than 0.04 %, and the
product analysis limit for titanium is permitted to be increased to a value not higher
than 0.05 %.
A20/A20M – 17
5
8.3.2.1 A total aluminum content of 0.020 % or more.
8.3.2.2 An acid soluble aluminum content of 0.015 % or
more.
8.3.2.3 A content for an austenitic grain refining element
that exceeds the minimum value agreed to by the purchaser as
being sufficient for austenitic grain size testing to be waived.
8.3.2.4 Contents for the combination of two or more austenitic
grain refining elements that exceed the applicable minimum
values agreed to by the purchaser as being sufficient for
austenitic grain size testing to be waived.
8.3.2.5 The analysis for the elements mentioned in 8.3.2.1,
8.3.2.2, 8.3.2.3, or 8.3.2.4 shall be included in the test report.
Quality
9.1 General—Plates shall be free of injurious defects and
shall have a workmanlike finish.
9.2 Surface Imperfections:
9.2.1 For plates produced from plate-as-rolled, all injurious
surface imperfections shall be removed by the manufacturer.
For plates produced from coil, all injurious surface imperfections
shall be removed by the processor.
9.2.1.1 Shallow imperfections shall be ground to sound
metal; the ground area shall be well faired and the thickness of
the ground plate shall not be reduced below the minimum
thickness permitted.
9.2.1.2 All surface imperfections, the removal of which will
reduce the plate thickness below the minimum thickness
permitted, shall be cause for rejection of the plate, except that,
by agreement with the purchaser, the metal so removed may be
replaced with weld metal (see 9.4).
9.3 Edge Imperfections:
9.3.1 Laminar-type discontinuities 1 in. [25 mm] and less in
length visible to the unaided eye on an edge of a plate as
prepared for shipment by the manufacturer or processor are
acceptable and do not require exploration.
9.3.2 All larger discontinuities shall be explored to determine
their depth and extent. Discontinuities shall be considered
continuous when located in the same plane within 5 % of the
plate thickness and separated by a distance less than the length
of the smaller of two adjacent discontinuities.
9.3.3 Indications visible to the unaided eye on the cut edges
of a plate as prepared for shipment by the manufacturer or
processor shall not exceed the limits given in Columns 1 and 2
of Table A1.14 [A2.14].
9.3.4 Larger indications shall be removed by the manufacturer
or processor by grinding, provided that the resultant
cavity does not exceed the limits given in Columns 3 and 4 of
Table A1.14 [A2.14].
9.3.5 Indications of greater magnitude shall be cause for
rejection of the plate, except that, by agreement with the
purchaser, the defects may be removed and replaced with weld
metal (see 9.4).
9.3.6 Indications on the edges of a plate cut during the
fabrication shall be cause for rejection of the plate at the
discretion of the purchaser if the magnitude exceeds the limits
given in Columns 5 and 6 of Table A1.14 [A2.14]. The defects
may be removed and replaced with weld metal (see 9.4).
9.3.7 Fabricators should be aware that edge cracks may
initiate upon bending a sheared or burned edge during the
fabrication process. This is not considered to be a fault of the
steel, but is rather a function of the induced cold work or heat
affected zone.
9.4 Repair by Welding:
9.4.1 Repair welding shall be permitted only with the
approval of the purchaser.
9.4.2 Preparation for repair welding shall include inspection
to confirm complete removal of the defect.
9.4.3 Repairs shall be made utilizing welding procedures
qualified in accordance with Section IX of the
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code and repair welding
shall be done by welders or welding operators meeting the
qualification requirements of Section IX.
9.4.4 The weld metal shall have the A-number analysis
corresponding to the equivalent ASME P-number of the plate,
except that A-1 or A-2 analysis weld metal may be employed
for P-1 plates. Other weld metals may be employed that are
compatible with the plate being repaired, if so approved by the
purchaser. Such weld metals shall be qualified in accordance
with the requirements of Section IX of the
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.
9.4.5 If Charpy impact tests of the plate are required, the
welding procedure qualification tests shall also include Charpy
impact tests of the weld, the heat-affected zone, and the plate,
and the test results shall be reported to the purchaser.
9.4.6 If the plate is subjected to normalizing, quenching and
tempering, hot forming, or post-weld heat treating, the welding
procedure qualification test plates and the weld repaired plate
shall be subjected to the thermal heat treatment as specified by
the purchaser.
9.4.7 In addition, repair welds shall meet the requirements
of the construction code specified by the purchaser.
Test Methods
10.1 All tests shall be conducted in accordance with Test
Methods and Definitions A370.
10.2 Yield strength shall be determined by either the 0.2 %
offset method or the 0.5 % extension under load method, unless
otherwise stated in the applicable product specification.
10.3 Rounding Procedures—For purposes of determining
conformance with the applicable product specification, a calculated
value shall be rounded to the nearest 1 ksi [5 MPa] for
tensile and yield strengths, and to the nearest unit in the
right-hand place of figures used in expressing the limiting
value for other values, in accordance with the rounding method
given in Practice E29.
Tension Tests
11.1 Number of Test Coupons:
11.1.1 Plates Produced from As-Rolled Plates—For other
than quenched and tempered plates, one tension test coupon
shall be taken from each plate-as-rolled. Two tension test
coupons shall be taken from each quenched and tempered
plate, as heat treated. If plates are furnished by the manufacturer
or processor in accordance with 11.4.2 and qualified by
using test specimens taken from heat-treated test coupons
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(including normalized, normalized and tempered, and
quenched and tempered), one tension test coupon shall be
taken from each plate-as-rolled (see Terminology A941 for the
definition of plate-as-rolled).
11.1.2 Plates Produced from Coil and Furnished without
Heat Treatment or with Stress Relieving Only—Except as
allowed by 11.1.2.1 and 11.1.4, a minimum of three tension
coupons shall be taken from each coil as follows:
11.1.2.1 The first test coupon shall be taken immediately
prior to the first plate to be qualified to the applicable product
specification, the second test coupon shall be taken from the
approximate center lap, and the third test coupon shall be taken
immediately after the last plate to be qualified to the applicable
product specification. If, during decoiling, the amount of
material decoiled is less than that required to reach the next
standard test location, a test for qualification of that particular
portion of the coil shall be made from a test coupon taken from
a location adjacent to the innermost portion decoiled.
11.1.2.2 All plates between any two test locations that meet
the requirements of the applicable product specification are
acceptable.
11.1.2.3 All plates between a test location that fails to meet
the requirements of the applicable product specification and an
adjacent test location that meets the requirements of the
applicable product specification are rejectable, except that the
processor has the option to make other tests after cutting back
the coil in either direction.
11.1.3 Plates Produced from Coil and Furnished Heat
Treated by Other than Stress Relieving—For other than
quenched and tempered plates, one tension test coupon shall be
taken from each coil. Two tension test coupons shall be taken
from each quenched and tempered plate, as heat treated.
11.1.4 Plates Produced from Coil and Qualified Using Test
Specimens Taken from Test Coupons Heat Treated by Other
than Stress Relieving—One tension test coupon shall be taken
from each coil.
11.2 Orientation of Test Specimens—The longitudinal axis
of the tension test specimens shall be transverse to the final
rolling direction of the plate.
11.3 Location of Test Coupons—Tension test coupons shall
be taken from a corner of the plate. For quenched and tempered
plates, the two tension test coupons shall be taken from
opposite ends of the plate.
11.4 Tests from Heat-Treated Plates:
11.4.1 If heat treatment is performed by the manufacturer or
processor, the test specimens shall be taken from the plate in
the heat-treated condition or from full-thickness coupons
simultaneously heat treated with the plate.
11.4.2 If heat treatment is to be performed by the fabricator,
the plates shall be accepted on the basis of tests made on test
specimens taken from full-thickness coupons heat treated in
accordance with the requirements specified in the applicable
product specification or the purchase order. If the heattreatment
temperatures are not specified, the manufacturer or
processor shall heat treat the coupons under conditions it
considers appropriate. The purchaser shall be informed of the
procedure followed in heat treating the specimens.
11.4.3 If approved by the purchaser, the procedures of
11.4.2 may be implemented on plates heat treated by the
manufacturer or processor, except that for plates that are
quenched and tempered, all testing required the specification or
the purchase order must be performed after plate heat
treatment, in accordance with 11.1.1 and 11.4.4, and the results
reported.
11.4.4 For plates that are heat treated with a cooling rate
faster than still-air cooling from the austenitizing temperature,
one of the following shall apply in addition to other requirements
specified herein:
11.4.4.1 The gage length of the tension test specimen shall
be taken at least 1T from any as-heat treated edge, where T is
the thickness of the plate, and shall be at least 1/2 in. [12.5 mm]
from flame-cut or heat-affected-zone surfaces.
11.4.4.2 A steel thermal buffer pad, 1 T by 1T by at least 3T,
shall be joined to the plate edge by a partial penetration weld
completely sealing the buffered edge prior to heat treatment.
11.4.4.3 Thermal insulation or other thermal barriers shall
be used during the heat treatment adjacent to the plate edge
where the test specimens are to be removed. It shall be
demonstrated that the cooling rate of the tension test specimen
is no faster than, and not substantially slower than, that attained
by the method described in 11.4.4.2.
11.4.4.4 When test coupons cut from the plate but heat
treated separately are used, the coupon dimensions shall be not
less than 3T by 3T by T and each tension test specimen cut
from it shall meet the requirements of 11.4.4.1.
11.4.4.5 If cooling rate data for the plate and cooling rate
control devices for the test coupons are available, the test
coupons may be heat treated separately in the device, provided
that this method is approved by the purchaser.
11.5 Test Specimen Preparation:
11.5.1 Tension test specimens for plates 3/4 in. [20 mm] and
under in thickness shall be the full thickness of the plates. The
test specimens shall conform to the requirements for either the
11/2-in. [40-mm] wide or the 1/2-in. [12.5-mm] wide rectangular
tension test specimen of Test Methods and Definitions A370.
The 11/2-in. [40-mm] wide test specimen may have both edges
parallel. The 1/2-in. [12.5-mm] wide specimen may have a
maximum nominal thickness of 3/4 in. [20 mm].
11.5.2 For plates up to 4 in. [100 mm], inclusive, in
thickness, tension test specimens may be the full thickness of
the plate and conform to the requirements for the 11/2-in.
[40-mm] wide rectangular tension test specimen of Test Methods
and Definitions A370 if adequate testing machine capacity
is available.
11.5.3 For plates over 3/4 in. [20 mm] in thickness, except as
permitted in 11.5.2, tension test specimens shall conform to the
requirements for the 0.500-in. [12.5-mm] diameter test specimen
of Test Methods and Definitions A370. The axis of the test
specimen shall be located midway between the center of
thickness and the top or bottom surface of the plate.
11.6 Elongation Requirement Adjustments:
11.6.1 Due to the specimen geometry effect encountered
when using the rectangular tension test specimen for testing
thin plate, adjustments in elongation requirements must be
provided for thicknesses under 0.312 in. [8 mm]. Accordingly,
A20/A20M – 17
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the following deductions shall be made from the base elongation
requirements in the applicable product specification:
Plate Nominal Thickness Range, in. [mm]
Elongation
Deduction, %
0.299–0.311 [7.60–7.89] 0.5
0.286–0.298 [7.30–7.59] 1.0
0.273–0.285 [7.00–7.29] 1.5
0.259–0.272 [6.60–6.99] 2.0
0.246–0.258 [6.20–6.59] 2.5
0.233–0.245 [5.90–6.19] 3.0
0.219–0.232 [5.50–5.89] 3.5
0.206–0.218 [5.20–5.49] 4.0
0.193–0.205 [4.90–5.19] 4.5
less than 0.193 [4.90] 5.0
11.6.2 Due to the inherently lower elongation that is obtainable
in thicker plate, adjustments in elongation requirements in
2-in. [50-mm] gage length shall be provided for thicknesses
over 3.5 in. [90 mm]. Accordingly, the following deductions
shall be made from the base elongation requirements in 2 in.
[50 mm] prescribed in the applicable product specification:
Plate Nominal Thickness Range, in. [mm]
Elongation
Deduction, %
3.501–3.999 [90.00–102.49] 0.5
4.000–4.499 [102.50–114.99] 1.0
4.500–4.999 [115.00–127.49] 1.5
5.000–5.499 [127.50–139.99] 2.0
5.500–5.999 [140.0–152.49] 2.5
6.000 and thicker [152.50 and thicker] 3.0
11.6.3 A characteristic of certain types of alloy steels is a
local disproportionate increase in the degree of necking down
or contraction of the test specimens during the tension test,
resulting in a decrease in the percentage of elongation as the
gage length is increased. The effect is not so pronounced in
thicker plates. For such material, if so stated in the applicable
product specification for plates up to 3/4 in. [20 mm], inclusive,
in thickness, if the percentage of elongation of an 8-in.
[200-mm] gage length test specimen falls not more than 3
percentage points below the amount prescribed, the elongation
shall be considered satisfactory if the percentage of elongation
in 2 in. [50 mm] across the break is not less than 25 %.
11.6.4 The tensile requirements tables in many of the
product specifications covered by this general requirements
specification specify elongation requirements in both 8-in.
[200-mm] and 2-in. [50-mm] gage lengths. Unless otherwise
provided in the applicable product specification, both requirements
are not required to be applied simultaneously, and the
elongation need only be determined in the gage length appropriate
for the test specimen used. After selection of the
appropriate gage length, the elongation requirement for the
alternative gage length shall be deemed not applicable.
11.7 This specification does not provide requirements for
product tension testing subsequent to shipment (see 15.1).
Therefore, the requirements of 11.1 through 11.6 and Section
16 apply only for tests conducted at the place of manufacture
prior to shipment. Compliance to Specification A20/20M and
the applicable product specification does not preclude the
possibility that product tension test results may vary outside
specified ranges. The tensile properties will vary within the
same plate-as-rolled or piece, be it as-rolled, control-rolled, or
heat-treated. The purchaser should, therefore, be aware that
tension testing in accordance with the requirements of Specification
A20/A20M does not provide assurance that all products
of a plate-as-rolled will be identical in tensile properties
with the products tested. If the purchaser wishes to have more
confidence than that provided by Specification A20/A20M
testing procedures, additional testing or requirements, such as
Supplementary Requirement S4, should be imposed.
11.8 Appendix X2 provides additional information on the
variability of tensile properties in plates for pressure vessels.
Notch-Toughness Tests
12.1 Charpy V-Notch Tests:
12.1.1 Number of Tests—Except for quenched and tempered
plates, and except as allowed by 12.1.1.1 and 12.1.1.2, one
impact test (3 specimens) for each specified orientation (see
12.1.2) shall be made from each plate-as-rolled. For quenched
and tempered plates, one impact test shall be made from each
plate, as heat treated.
12.1.1.1 Plates Ordered Without the Heat Treatment Specified
by the Applicable Product Specification—Coupons for
Charpy V-notch tests shall be taken in accordance with the
same requirements as given for tensile test coupons in 11.4.2
and 11.4.3.
12.1.1.2 Plates Produced from Coil—If Charpy V-notch
tests are specified, the number of impact tests required shall be
the same as the number specified for tension tests in 11.1.2 or
11.1.3, whichever is applicable. The test coupons shall be taken
from the material after decoiling and leveling.
12.1.2 Orientation of Test Specimens—The long axis of the
test specimens shall be oriented either longitudinal (parallel to
the final direction of rolling) or transverse (transverse to the
final direction of rolling), as specified in the applicable product
specification or the purchase order.
12.1.3 Location of Test Coupons—The impact test coupons
shall be taken adjacent to the tension test coupons. The impact
test coupons shall be subject to the same requirements as those
specified for tension tests in 11.4, except that the provisions of
11.4.4.1 apply to the area under the notch of the impact test
specimen instead of to the gage length of the tension test
specimen.
12.1.4 Test Method—Impact testing shall be performed in
accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370 using
Charpy V-notch (Type A) specimens as shown in Test Methods
and Definitions A370. Except as allowed by 12.1.4.1, full-size
specimens (0.394 by 0.394 in. [10 by 10 mm]) shall be used if
the plate thickness permits, and their central axis shall correspond
as near as practical to the 1/4 t plane in the plate thickness
t. If the plate thickness is insufficient to obtain full-size
specimens, the largest possible subsize specimens shall be
used.
12.1.4.1 For plates that normally have absorbed energy
values in excess of 180 ft·lbf [245 J] if tested using full-size
specimens at the specified testing temperature, subsize 0.394
by 0.264 in. [10 by 6.7 mm] specimens may be used in lieu of
full-size specimens; however, if this option is used, the
acceptance value shall be 75 ft·lbf [100 J] minimum for each
test specimen and the lateral expansion in mils [micrometres]
shall be reported.
12.1.5 Test Temperature—The test temperature shall be as
specified in the purchase order, except that the manufacturer or
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processor shall have the option of using a lower test temperature.
If a test temperature is not specified in the purchase order,
tests shall be conducted at a temperature no higher than is
given in Table A1.15 [A2.15] for the applicable product
specification, grade, class, and plate thickness. The actual test
temperature used shall be reported with the test results.
12.1.6 Acceptance Criteria—Unless otherwise agreed upon,
the acceptance criteria shall be as given in Table A1.15 [A2.15]
for the applicable product specification, grade, class, and plate
thickness.
12.1.6.1 If the acceptance criteria is based upon energy
absorption of a full-size specimen, the acceptance criteria for
the various subsize specimens shall be as given in Table A1.16
[A2.16], except as otherwise provided in 12.1.4.1.
12.1.6.2 If the acceptance criterion is based upon lateral
expansion opposite the notch, the acceptance value shall be the
same for all sizes of test specimens.
12.1.7 Marking—The letters “LTV” shall be stenciled or
stamped on each plate following the class number, grade, etc.
12.1.8 Variability—The impact properties of steel can vary
within the same plate-as-rolled or piece, be it as-rolled,
control-rolled, or heat-treated. The purchaser should, therefore,
be aware that testing of one plate-as-rolled does not provide
assurance that all locations within a plate-as-rolled will be
identical in toughness with the location tested. Normalizing or
quenching and tempering the product will reduce the degree of
variation.
12.1.8.1 Appendix X3 provides additional information on
the variability of Charpy V-notch test properties in plates for
pressure vessels.
12.2 Drop-Weight Tests:
12.2.1 Where specified, one drop-weight test, consisting of
a set of two test specimens, shall be made to the same
frequency stated in 12.1.1 in accordance with Test Method
E208.
12.2.2 The test coupons shall be obtained adjacent to a
tension test coupon. For plates produced from coil, the test
coupon locations shall be the same as for Charpy V-notch tests.
(See 12.1.) The provisions of 12.1.3 shall also apply.
12.2.3 The testing temperature shall be as specified in the
applicable product specification or the purchase order.
12.2.4 Acceptance shall be on the basis of no-break performance
of both test specimens at the specified testing temperature.
12.2.5 The plates shall be marked as required in 12.1.7,
except that the letters “LTD” shall be used instead of “LTV.”
Identification of Plates
13.1 Required Markings:
13.1.1 Except as allowed by 13.4, plates shall be legibly
marked with the following information: applicable ASTM
designation (see 1.1) (year of issue not required); “G” or“ MT”
if applicable (see 13.1.2); applicable grade, type, and class;
heat number; plate identifier; and name, brand, or trademark of
the manufacturer (for plates produced in discrete cut lengths of
flat product) or the processor (for plates produced from coil and
for subdivided plates (see 13.4)).
13.1.2 Plates that are required to be heat treated, but have
not been so heat treated, shall be marked, by the manufacturer
or processor, with the letter “G” (denoting green) following the
required ASTM designation mark, except that “G” marking is
not necessary if such plates are for shipment, for the purpose of
obtaining the required heat treatment, to an organization under
the manufacturer’s control. Plates that are required to be heat
treated, and have been so heat treated, shall be marked, by the
party that performed the heat treatment, with the letters “MT”
(denoting material treated) following the required ASTM
designation mark.
NOTE 2—Any stress relief of test specimens intended to simulate
post-weld heat treatment is not included in the above heat treatment.
13.2 Types of Marking:
13.2.1 Except as allowed by 13.4, the required markings for
plates over 1/4 in. [6 mm] in thickness shall be by steel die
stamping, unless paint marking is specified in the purchase
order.
13.2.2 Except as allowed by 13.4, the required markings for
plates 1/4 in. [6 mm] and under in thickness shall be by paint
marking or by steel die stamping using low-stress (either
round-nose or interrupted-dot) impressions.
13.3 Location of Markings:
13.3.1 Except as allowed by 13.4, the required markings for
plates with a maximum lengthwise or crosswise dimension
more than 72 in. [1800 mm] shall be in at least two places on
each finished plate, at least 12 in. [300 mm] from the edges of
the plate.
13.3.2 Except as allowed by 13.4, the required markings for
plates with a maximum lengthwise and crosswise dimension of
72 in. [1800 mm] or less shall be in at least one place on each
finished plate, approximately midway between the center and
an edge of the plate.
13.4 Subdivided Plates:
13.4.1 By agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer
or processor, each subdivided plate (a plate separated
from a master plate) shall be legibly marked with the name,
brand, or trademark of the organization that subdivided the
plate plus a code traceable to the required markings, provided
that the information required in 13.1, cross referenced to that
code, is furnished with the plates.
13.4.2 By agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer
or processor, subdivided plates that are from the same
master plate and placed in secured lifts shall have the information
required in 13.1 paint marked on the top piece of each
lift or shown on a substantial tag attached to each lift.
13.5 Bar Coding—In addition to the requirements of 13.1 to
13.4 inclusive, the manufacturer or processor shall have the
option of using bar coding as a supplementary identification
method.
NOTE 3—Bar coding should be consistent with AIAG Standard B 1.
Permissible Variations in Dimensions or Mass
14.1 One cubic foot of rolled steel shall be assumed to
weigh 490 lb, unless otherwise stated in the applicable product
specification. One cubic metre of rolled steel is assumed to
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have a mass of 7850 kg, unless otherwise stated in the
applicable product specification.
14.2 For carbon steel plates the permissible variations for
dimensions shall not exceed the applicable limits stated in
Annex A1, Table A1.1 to Table A1.9, and Table A1.13 [Annex
A2, Table A2.1 to Table A2.9, and Table A2.13].
14.3 For alloy steel plates the permissible variations for
dimensions shall not exceed the applicable limits stated in
Annex 1, Table A1.1 to Table A1.4, Table A1.8, and Table
A1.10 to Table A1.13. [Annex 2, Table A2.1 to Table A2.4,
Table A2.8 and Table A2.10 to Table A2.13].
14.4 Conversions of Permitted Variations from Fractions of
an Inch to Decimals—Permitted variations in dimensions for
products covered by this specification are generally given as
fractions of inch and these remain the official permitted
variations, where so stated. If the material is to be measured by
equipment reporting dimensions as decimals, conversion of
permitted variations from fractions of an inch to decimals shall
be made to three decimal places; using the rounding method
prescribed in Practice E29.
Inspection and Testing
15.1 The inspector representing the purchaser shall have
entry at all times while work on the contract of the purchaser
is being performed, to all parts of the manufacturer’s works
that concern the manufacture of the plate ordered. The manufacturer
shall afford the inspector all reasonable facilities to be
satisfied that the plate is being furnished in accordance with
this general requirements specification, the applicable product
specification, and the purchase order. All tests (except product
analysis) and inspection shall be made at the place of manufacture
prior to shipment, unless otherwise specified, and shall
be so conducted as not to interfere unnecessarily with the
operation of the manufacturer’s works.
15.2 If plates are produced from coil, 15.1 shall apply to the
“processor” instead of to the “manufacturer” and the “place of
process” shall apply instead of the “place of manufacture.” If
plates are produced from coil and the processor is different
from the manufacturer, the inspector representing the purchaser
shall have free entry, at all times while work on the contract of
the purchaser is being performed, to all parts of the manufacturer’s
works that concern the manufacture of the plate
ordered.
Retests
16.1 Tension Test—In addition to the provisions of Test
Methods and Definitions A370, the following retest provisions
shall apply:
16.1.1 If any test specimen shows defective machining, or
develops flaws, it may be discarded and another test specimen
substituted.
16.1.2 If the percentage of elongation of any tension test
specimen is less than that specified, and any part of the fracture
is more than 3/4 in. [20 mm] from the center of the gage length
of a 2-in. [50-mm] test specimen or is outside the middle half
of the gage length of an 8-in. [200-mm] test specimen as
indicated by scribe marks on the test specimen before testing,
one retest shall be allowed.
16.1.3 If the results from an original tension test specimen
fail to meet the specified requirements but are within 2 ksi [10
MPa] of the required tensile strength or within 1 ksi [5 MPa]
of the required yield strength or yield point, or within 2
percentage points of the required elongation or reduction of
area, one retest shall be permitted to replace the failing test.
16.1.4 The results of the retest shall meet the specified
requirements.
16.2 Charpy V-Notch Tests:
16.2.1 The retest provisions of Test Methods and Definitions
A370 shall apply, except that the 5 ft·lbf [7 J] absolute
minimum for an individual specimen shall not apply if two
thirds of the specified minimum average is less than 5 ft·lbf [7
J].
16.2.2 If Charpy V-notch impact test lateral expansion
values are specified, if the value of one specimen falls below
the specified minimum value and not below 2/3 of the specified
minimum value, and if the average of the three specimens
equals or exceeds the specified minimum value, a retest of
three additional specimens may be made. Each of the three
retest specimens shall equal or exceed the specified minimum
value.
16.2.3 If the required values are not obtained on Charpy
V-notch retests as specified in 16.2.1 and16.2.2, or if the values
in the initial test are below the values required for retest, no
further retests are permitted unless the plate is heat treated or
reheat treated. After heat treatment or reheat treatment, a set of
three specimens shall be tested and each shall equal or exceed
the specified minimum value.
16.2.4 If the option of 12.1.4.1 is used and the test result
falls below the 75 ft·lbf [100 J] minimum specified, another test
may be made using full-size test specimens.
Retreatment
17.1 If any heat-treated plate fails to meet the mechanical
requirements of the applicable product specification, the manufacturer
or processor shall have have the option of heat treating
the plate again. All mechanical-property tests shall be repeated
and the plate surface shall be reexamined for surface defects
when it is resubmitted for inspection.
Rejection
18.1 Any rejection based upon product analysis made in
accordance with the applicable product specification shall be
reported to the supplier and samples that represent the rejected
plate shall be preserved for 2 weeks from the date of notification
of such rejection. In case of dissatisfaction with the results
of the tests, the supplier shall have the option of making claim
for a rehearing within that time.
18.2 Plates that show injurious defects subsequent to their
acceptance at the manufacturer’s or processor’s works may be
rejected. In such cases, the manufacturer or processor shall be
notified.
A20/A20M – 17
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Test Reports
19.1 The manufacturer or processor shall report the results
of all tests required by the applicable product specification, the
applicable supplementary requirements, and the purchase order.
The heat number, the plate identifier of the plate tested, and
the nominal plate thickness shall be shown on the test report.
The year-date of the specification to which the plates are
furnished shall be included in the test report.
19.1.1 In reporting elongation values, both the percentage
increase and the original gage length shall be stated.
19.2 For plates rolled from a strand-cast slab with a reduction
ratio in the range from 2.0:1 to 3.0:1, exclusive, the
specific practices (see 5.3.4 and 5.3.6) that were used by the
manufacturer shall be reported, and the test reports shall state
that the limitations of 5.3 have been met.
19.3 All heat treatment, exclusive of subcritical heating to
soften thermally cut edges, shall be reported, including temperature
ranges and times at temperature. This exclusion does
not apply to those plates with specified minimum tensile
strengths of 95 ksi [655 MPa] or higher, unless such subcritical
heating is accomplished at temperatures at least 75°F [40°C]
below the minimum tempering temperature. The reports shall
state whether the plates only, the test coupons only, or both
plates and test coupons were heat treated.
19.4 If Charpy V-notch tests are specified, the test specimen
size used shall be reported.
19.5 If so specified in the purchaser order, the manufacturer
shall also furnish a certificate of compliance stating that the
plates have been manufactured, inspected, and tested in accordance
with the requirements of the applicable product specification.
For plates produced from coil, the processor shall
furnish the required certification.
19.6 For plates produced from coil and furnished without
heat treatment or with stress relieving only, the results of all
tests required by 11.1.2 shall be reported for each qualifying
coil.
19.7 Plates that are required to be heat treated, but have not
been so heat treated, shall be certified by the responsible
manufacturer on the basis of tests made on heat treated
coupons and such tests shall be made and reported. For plates
where the heat treatment of the coupons consists of quench and
tempering, the manufacturer or processor responsible for the
heat treatment of the plate shall repeat any required mechanical
tests after plate heat treatment and they shall be the basis for
final certification of the plate.
19.8 A signature is not required on the test report; however,
the document shall clearly identify the organization submitting
the report. Notwithstanding the absence of a signature, the
organization submitting the report is responsible for the content
of the report.
19.9 Copies of the original manufacturer’s test report shall
be included with any subsequent test report.
19.10 A test report, certificate of compliance, or similar
document printed from or used in electronic form from an
electronic data interchange (EDI) transmission shall be regarded
as having the same validity as a counterpart printed in
the certifier’s facility. The content of the EDI transmitted
document must meet the requirements of the invoked ASTM
standard(s) and conform to any existing EDI agreement between
the purchaser and the supplier. Notwithstanding the
absence of a signature, the organization submitting the EDI
transmission is responsible for the content of the report.
Packaging, Marking, and Loading for Shipment
20.1 Packaging, marking, and loading for shipment shall be
in accordance with those procedures recommended by Guide
A700.
20.2 For USA Government Procurement—Marking for shipment
of material for civil agencies shall be in accordance with
Fed. Std. No. 123.
Keywords
21.1 general delivery requirement; pressure containing
parts; pressure vessel steels; steel plates; steel plates for
pressure vessel applications
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
The following standardized supplementary requirements are for use if desired by the purchaser.
Those that are considered suitable for use with a product specification are listed in the product
specification. Other tests may be performed by agreement between the manufacturer or processor and
the purchaser. These supplementary requirements shall apply only if specified in the purchase order,
in which event the specified tests shall be made by the manufacturer or processor before shipment of
the plates.
A20/A20M – 17
11
S1. Vacuum Treatment
S1.1 The steel shall be made by a process that includes
vacuum degassing while molten. Unless otherwise agreed upon
with the purchaser, it is the responsibility of the manufacturer
to select suitable process procedures.
S2. Product Analysis
S2.1 A product analysis shall be made of each plate as
rolled. The specimens for analysis shall be taken adjacent to or
from a broken tension test specimen.
S3. Simulated Post-Weld Heat Treatment of Mechanical
Test Coupons
S3.1 Prior to testing, the test coupons representing the plate
for acceptance purposes for mechanical properties shall be
thermally treated to simulate a post-weld heat treatment below
the critical temperature (Ac3), using the heat treatment parameters
(such as temperature range, time, and cooling rates)
specified in the purchase order. For tests using specimens taken
from such heat treated test coupons, the test results shall meet
the requirements of the applicable product specification.
S4. Additional Tension Test
S4.1 Other Than Quenched-and-Tempered Plates—In addition
to the required single tension test, a second tension test
shall be made using a test specimen taken from a test coupon
taken from a corner of the plate-as-rolled on the end opposite
the single test specimen and in a direction parallel to the single
test specimen. The results obtained using this second test
specimen shall meet the requirements of the applicable product
specification.
S4.2 Quenched-and-Tempered Plates 2 in. [50 mm] or
Greater in Thickness—In addition to the required tension tests,
two additional test coupons shall be taken from the bottom
corner of the plate. One shall be taken at the center of the plate
thickness and the other immediately beneath the surface.
Mandatory conformance of these additional tests with the
specified properties shall be a matter of agreement between the
manufacturer and the purchaser.
S5. Charpy V-Notch Impact Test
S5.1 Charpy V-notch impact tests shall be conducted in
accordance with 12.1.
S5.2 The orientation of the test specimens, whether longitudinal
or transverse to the direction of rolling, shall be as
specified in the purchase order.
S5.3 The test temperature and the required acceptance
criteria, if other than those required in 12.1, shall be as
specified in the purchase order.
S5.4 The recorded results shall include test specimen
orientation, test specimen size, test temperature, absorbed
energy values, and, if specified in the purchase order for other
than Class VI plates, lateral expansion opposite the notch. The
percent shear fracture appearance shall also be recorded if
specified in the purchase order.
S6. Drop-Weight Test (for Plates 0.625 in. [16 mm] and
Over in Thickness)
S6.1 Drop-weight tests shall be made in accordance with the
requirements of Test Method E208. The specimens shall
represent the plates in the final condition of heat treatment.
Agreement shall be reached between the purchaser and the
manufacturer or processor as to the number of plates to be
tested and whether a maximum NDT temperature is mandatory
or if the test results are for information only.
S7. High-Temperature Tension Tests
S7.1 A short-time elevated temperature tension test shall be
made to represent each plate or each heat of steel as indicated
by the purchaser. The specimens for testing shall be obtained as
required for the room temperature tension tests specified in the
body of this general requirements specification. The hightemperature
tests shall be made in accordance with the requirements
of Test Methods E21. Mandatory conformance of such
additional tests with the specified properties shall be a matter
for agreement between the manufacturer or processor and the
purchaser.
S8. Ultrasonic Examination in Accordance with A435/
A435M
S8.1 All plates shall be ultrasonically examined in accordance
with the requirements of Specification A435/A435M.
S9. Magnetic Particle Examination
S9.1 All plate edges shall be examined by magnetic particles
in accordance with the procedures covered in Guide
E709. The acceptability of defects revealed by this examination
shall be judged in accordance with the requirements for
quality in 9.3.
S10. Charpy V-Notch Impact Transition Curve
S10.1 Sufficient impact tests of the same specimen size shall
be made from the plate test material to establish a transition
curve. The test temperature range shall be wide enough to
establish the upper and lower shelf energies, with sufficient
testing at intermediate temperatures to permit plotting a reasonable
smooth curve. A plot of the data is not required. The
manufacturer shall report the specimen orientation, test
temperature, and absorbed energy for each specimen tested.
Lateral expansion and percent shear shall also be reported
when specified in the purchase order. The number of plates
tested and the specimen orientation shall be the same as in 12.1
unless otherwise specified in the purchase order.
S11. Ultrasonic Examination in Accordance with A577/
A577M
S11.1 All plates shall be ultrasonically examined in accordance
with the requirements of Specification A577/A577M.
S12. Ultrasonic Examination in Accordance with A578/
A578M
S12.1 All plates shall be ultrasonically examined in accordance
with the requirements of Specification A578/A578M.
The acceptance level shall be as specified in the purchase order.
A20/A20M – 17
12
S13. NDT Temperature Determination
S13.1 The NDT temperature shall be established in accordance
with Test Method E208 using coupons from a single
plate. The number of plates to be so tested shall be subject to
agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer or
processor.
S15. Reduction of Area Measurement
S15.1 A reduction of area measurement shall be taken while
making the required tension test. Reduction of area shall be
determined only on the 0.500-in. [12.5-mm] round specimen as
shown in Fig. 5 of Test Methods and Definitions A370. The
minimum acceptance limit shall be 40 %.
S16. Thermal Stress Relief of Mechanical Test Coupons
S16.1 Test coupons representing the plates shall be thermally
stress relieved by gradually and uniformly heating them
to a temperature between 1100 and 1200°F [595 and 650°C], or
a temperature range otherwise agreed upon between the
manufacturer or processor and the purchaser, holding at temperature
for at least 1 h/in. [2.4 min/mm] of thickness and
cooling in still air to a temperature not exceeding 600°F
[315°C].
S17. Vacuum Carbon-Deoxidized Steel
S17.1 Material shall be vacuum carbon-deoxidized, in
which case the silicon content at the time of vacuum deoxidizing
shall be 0.12 % maximum, and the content of deoxidizers
such as aluminum, zirconium, and titanium should be kept
low enough to allow deoxidation by carbon. The test report
shall indicate that the steel was vacuum carbon-deoxidized.
The minimum heat analysis and product analysis requirements
for silicon do not apply to vacuum carbon-deoxidized steel.
S19. Restricted Chemical Requirements
S19.1 Restricted heat analysis and product analysis limits
are applicable, as specified in the purchase order.
S20. Maximum Carbon Equivalent for Weldability
S20.1 Plates shall be supplied with a specific maximum
carbon equivalent value. This value shall be based upon the
heat analysis. The required chemical analysis as well as the
carbon equivalent shall be reported.
S20.2 The carbon equivalent shall be calculated using the
following formula:
CE5 C1Mn/61~Cr1Mo1V!/51~Ni1Cu!/15
S20.3 The maximum value of the carbon equivalent for
carbon steels (including C-Mn, C-Mn-Si, C-Mn-Si-Al steels),
are given in Table S20.1.
S21. Restricted Limits on Elements
For each heat, based upon the heat analysis, the content shall
not exceed 0.35 % for copper, 0.25 % for nickel, 0.25 % for
chromium, 0.08 % for molybdenum, or 0.70 % for the sum of
those four elements.
S22. Through-Thickness Tension Tests
S22.1 Through-thickness tension tests shall be made in
accordance with the requirements of Specification A770/
A770M. (See Ordering Information in Specification A770/
A770M for the additional information that may be needed.)
S24. Strain Age Test
S24.1 Test coupons shall be given a strain age treatment
designated by the purchaser. Charpy V-notch tests shall be
conducted on the strain aged specimens. Heat treatment, strain
aging, test temperature, and acceptance criteria shall be as
agreed upon between the manufacturer or processor and the
purchaser.
S25. Weldability
S25.1 Weldability tests shall
be conducted. The type of test and the acceptance criteria
shall be as agreed upon between the manufacturer or processor
and the purchaser.
S26. Low-Sulfur Steels
S26.1 The steel shall be made to 0.010 % sulfur maximum.
Lower sulfur levels and sulfide shape control practices can be
specified by agreement between the manufacturer or processor
and the purchaser.
S27. Restrictive Plate Flatness
S27.1 Carbon steel plates, as-rolled or normalized, shall
conform to the permissible restrictive variations from flatness
given in Table S27.1 or Table S27.2.
S27.2 High-strength low-alloy steel plates, as-rolled or
normalized, shall conform to the permissible restrictive variations
from flatness given in Table S27.3 or Table S27.4.
S28. Heat Treatment in the Working Zone of a Surveyed
Furnace
S28.1 Plates shall be heat treated in the working zone of a
furnace that has been surveyed in accordance with Test Method
A991/A991M, provided that such working zone was established
using a variation of 25°F [15°C] or less from the furnace
set point.
S28.2 The test report shall indicate that S28 applies.
TABLE S20.1 Maximum Carbon Equivalent for Weldability
Specified Minimum UTS Maximum Carbon Equivalent Value
ksi [MPa] Thickness up to 2 in.
[50 mm] incl
Thickness over 2 in.
[50 mm]
60 # UTS < 70
[415 # UTS < 485]
0.45 0.46
70 # UTS < 80
[485 # UTS < 550]
0.47 0.48A
UTS $ 80
[UTS $ 550]
0.48A,B . . .
A If simulated PWHT of the test coupons is specified (S3), the maximum carbon
equivalent value may be increased up to 0.50 upon agreement between purchaser
and supplier.
B Applicable to quenched-and-tempered material; for other conditions, maximum
carbon equivalent shall be by agreement between purchaser and supplier.
A20/A20M – 17
13
TABLE S27.1 Permissible Variations from Flatness for Carbon Steel Plates As-Rolled or Normalized Ordered to Restrictive Flatness
NOTE 1—Flatness Variations for Length—The longer dimension specified is considered the length, and variation in flatness along the length shall not
exceed the tabular amount for the specified width in plates up to 12 ft in length, or in any 12 ft of longer plates.
NOTE 2—Flatness Variations for Width—The flatness variation across the width shall not exceed the tabular amount for the specified width.
NOTE 3—When the longer dimension is under 36 in., the variation in flatness along the length and across the width shall not exceed 1/4 in. in each
direction. When the longer dimension is from 36 to 72 in., inclusive, the permissible flatness variation shall not exceed 75 % of the tabular amount for
the specified width, but in no case less than 1/4 in.
NOTE 4—The variations given in this table apply to plates that have a minimum specified tensile strength not over 60 ksi or comparable chemistry or
hardness. For plates specified to a higher minimum tensile strength or comparable chemistry or hardness, the permissible variations are 11/2 times the
amounts shown in the table below.
NOTE 5—This table and these notes cover the flatness variations of circular and sketch plates based on the maximum dimensions of those plates.
NOTE 6—Waviness tolerances for rectangular plates, universal mill plates, and circular and sketch plates do not apply.
NOTE 7—A “Z” indicates that there is no published restricted value for the size.
NOTE 8—Plates shall be in a horizontal position on a flat surface when flatness is measured.
Specified
Thickness, in.
Permissible Variations from a Flat Surface for Specified Widths, in.
48 to 60, excl 60 to 72, excl 72 to 84, excl 84 to 96, excl 96 to 108, excl 108 to 120, incl
To 1/4 , excl 3/4 15/16 Z Z Z Z
1/4 to 3/8, excl 9/16 3/4 7/8 15/16 1-1/16 1-1/8
3/8 to 1/2, excl 5/16 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16
1/2 to 3/4, excl 5/16 5/16 5/16 3/8 1/2 1/2
3/4 to 1, excl 5/16 5/16 5/16 5/16 3/8 7/16
1 to 2, incl 1/4 5/16 5/16 5/16 5/16 3/8
TABLE S27.2 Permissible Variations from Flatness for Carbon Steel Plates As-Rolled or Normalized Ordered to Restrictive Flatness
NOTE 1—Flatness Variations for Length—The longer dimension specified is considered the length, and variation in flatness along the length shall not
exceed the tabular amount for the specified width in plates up to 3700 mm in length, or in any 3700 mm of longer plates.
NOTE 2—Flatness Variations for Width—The flatness variation across the width shall not exceed the tabular amount for the specified width.
NOTE 3—When the longer dimension is under 900 mm, the variation in flatness along the length and across the width shall not exceed 6 mm in each
direction. When the longer dimension is from 900 to 1800 mm, inclusive, the permissible flatness variation shall not exceed 75 % of the tabular amount
for the specified width, but in no case less than 6 mm.
NOTE 4—The variations given in this table apply to plates that have a minimum specified tensile strength not over 415 MPa or comparable chemistry
or hardness. For plates specified to a higher minimum tensile strength or comparable chemistry or hardness, the permissible variations are 11/2 times the
amounts shown in the table below.
NOTE 5—This table and these notes cover the flatness variations of circular and sketch plates based on the maximum dimensions of those plates.
NOTE 6—Waviness tolerances for rectangular plates, universal mill plates, and circular and sketch plates do not apply.
NOTE 7—A “Z” indicates that there is no published restricted value for the size.
NOTE 8—Plates shall be in horizontal position on a flat surface when flatness is measured.
Specified
Thickness, mm
Permissible Variations from a Flat Surface for Specified Widths, mm
1200 to 1500, excl 1500 to 1800, excl 1800 to 2100, excl 2100 to 2400, excl 2400 to 2700, excl 2700 to 3000, incl
To 6, excl 18 24 Z Z Z Z
6 to 10, excl 15 18 22 24 27 29
10 to 12, excl 8 8 10 11 13 15
12 to 20, excl 7 8 8 10 13 13
20 to 25, excl 7 8 8 8 10 11
25 to 50, excl 7 7 7 8 8 8
A20/A20M – 17
14
TABLE S27.3 Permissible Variations from Flatness for High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel Plates As-Rolled or Normalized Ordered to
Restrictive Flatness
NOTE 1—Flatness Variations for Length—The longer dimension specified is considered the length, and variation in flatness along the length shall not
exceed the tabular amount for the specified width in plates up to 12 ft in length, or in any 12 ft of longer plates.
NOTE 2—Flatness Variations for Width—The flatness variation across the width shall not exceed the tabular amount for the specified width.
NOTE 3—When the longer dimension is under 36 in., the variation in flatness along the length and across the width shall not exceed 3/8 in. in each
direction. When the larger dimension is from 36 to 72 in., inclusive, the permissible flatness variation shall not exceed 75 % of the tabular amount for
the specified width but in no case less than 3/8 in.
NOTE 4—This table and these notes cover the flatness variations of circular and sketch plates based on the maximum dimensions of those plates.
NOTE 5—Waviness tolerances for rectangular plates, universal mill plates, and circular and sketch plates do not apply.
NOTE 6—A “Z” indicates that there is no published restricted value for the size.
NOTE 7—Plates shall be in horizontal position on a flat surface when flatness is measured.
Specified
Thickness, in.
Permissible Variations from a Flat Surface for Specified Widths, in.
48 to 60, excl 60 to 72, excl 72 to 84, excl 84 to 96, excl 96 to 108, excl 108 to 120, incl
To 1/4 , excl 11/16 17/16 Z Z Z Z
1/4 to 3/8, excl 7/8 11/16 15/16 17/16 11/2 111/16
3/8 to 1/2, excl 1/2 1/2 9/16 11/16 3/4 13/16
1/2 to 3/4, excl 7/16 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 11/16
3/4 to 1, excl 7/16 7/16 1/2 1/2 9/16 11/16
1 to 2, incl 3/8 7/16 7/16 1/2 1/2 1/2
TABLE S27.4 Permissible Variations from Flatness for High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel Plates As-Rolled or Normalized Ordered to
Restrictive Flatness
NOTE 1—Flatness Variations for Length—The longer dimension specified is considered the length, and variation in flatness along the length shall not
exceed the tabular amount for the specified width in plates up to 3700 mm in length, or in any 3700 mm of longer plates.
NOTE 2—Flatness Variations for Width—The flatness variation across the width shall not exceed the tabular amount for the specified width.
NOTE 3—When the longer dimension is under 900 mm, the variation in flatness along the length and across the width shall not exceed 10 mm in each
direction. When the larger dimension is from 900 to 1800 mm, inclusive, the permissible flatness variation shall not exceed 75 % of the tabular amount
for the specified width, but in no case less than 10 mm.
NOTE 4—This table and these notes cover the variations for flatness of circular and sketch plates based on the maximum dimensions of those plates.
NOTE 5—Waviness tolerances for rectangular plates, universal mill plates, and circular and sketch plates do not apply.
NOTE 6—A “Z” indicates that there is no published restricted value for the size.
NOTE 7—Plates shall in a horizontal position on a flat surface when flatness is measured.
Specified
Thickness, mm
Permissible Variations from a Flat Surface for Specified Widths, mm
1200 to 1500, excl 1500 to 1800, excl 1800 to 2100, excl 2100 to 2400, excl 2400 to 2700, excl 2700 to 3000, incl
To 6, excl 27 36 Z Z Z Z
6 to 10, excl 22 27 33 36 39 43
10 to 12, excl 12 12 15 17 19 21
12 to 20, excl 11 11 13 15 16 18
20 to 25, excl 11 11 12 13 15 17
25 to 50, excl 10 11 11 12 13 13
A20/A20M – 17
15
ANNEXES
(Mandatory Information)
A1. PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS IN DIMENSIONS, ETC.—INCH-POUND UNITS
A1.1 Listed below are permissible variations in dimensions,
and notch toughness information, expressed in inch-pound
units of measurement.
TABLE A1.1 Permissible Variations in Thickness for Rectangular Plates
NOTE 1—Permissible variation under specified thickness, 0.01 in. When so specified, these permitted variations may be taken all over, in which case
the sum of these permitted variations applies.
NOTE 2—Thickness to be measured at 3/8 to 3/4 in. from the longitudinal edge.
NOTE 3—For thickness measured at any location other than that specified in Note 2, the permissible maximum over-tolerance shall be increased by
75 %, rounded to the nearest 0.01 in.
Specified
Thickness,
in.
Tolerance Over Specified Thickness for Widths Given, in.
48
and
under
Over 48
to 60,
excl
60 to
72,
excl
72 to
84,
excl
84 to
96,
excl
96 to
108,
excl
108 to
120,
excl
120 to
132,
excl
132 to
144,
excl
144 to
168,
excl
168 to
182,
excl
182
and
over
To 1/4 , excl 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 … … …
1/4 to 5/16, excl 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 … … …
5/16 to 3/8, excl 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 … …
3/8 to 7/16, excl 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.06 …
7/16 to 1/2, excl 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.06 …
1/2 to 5/8, excl 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 …
5/8 to 3/4, excl 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.07
3/4 to 1, excl 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
1 to 2, excl 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.13 0.16
2 to 3, excl 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.15 …
3 to 4, excl 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.17 …
4 to 6, excl 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.20 0.20 …
6 to 10, excl 0.23 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.27 0.28 …
10 to 12, excl 0.29 0.29 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.35 …
12 to 15, incl 0.29 0.29 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 …
A20/A20M – 17
16
TABLE A1.2 Permissible Variations in Width and Length for Sheared Plates 11/2 in. and Under in Thickness; Length Only for Universal
Mill Plates 21/2 in. and Under in Thickness
Specified Dimensions, in. Permissible Variations over Specified Width and LengthA for Thicknesses Given in inches, in.
Length Width
To 3/8,excl 3/8 to 5/8 , excl 5/8 to 1, excl 1 to 2, inclB
Width Length Width Length Width Length Width Length
To 120, excl over 8 to 60, excl 3/8 1/2 7/16 5/8 1/2 3/4 5/8 1
60 to 84, excl 7/16 5/8 1/2 11/16 5/8 7/8 3/4 1
84 to 108, excl 1/2 3/4 5/8 7/8 3/4 1 1 11/8
108 and over 5/8 7/8 3/4 1 7/8 11/8 11/8 11/4
120 to 240, excl over 8 to 60, excl 3/8 3/4 1/2 7/8 5/8 1 3/4 11/8
60 to 84, excl 1/2 3/4 5/8 7/8 3/4 1 7/8 11/4
84 to 108, excl 9/16 7/8 11/16 15/16 13/16 11/8 1 13/8
108 and over 5/8 1 3/4 11/8 7/8 11/4 11/8 13/8
240 to 360, excl over 8 to 60, excl 3/8 1 1/2 11/8 5/8 11/4 3/4 11/2
60 to 84, excl 1/2 1 5/8 11/8 3/4 11/4 7/8 11/2
84 to 108, excl 9/16 1 11/16 11/8 7/8 13/8 1 11/2
108 and over 11/16 11/8 7/8 11/4 1 13/8 11/4 13/4
360 to 480, excl over 8 to 60, excl 7/16 11/8 1/2 11/4 5/8 13/8 3/4 15/8
60 to 84, excl 1/2 11/4 5/8 13/8 3/4 11/2 7/8 15/8
84 to 108, excl 9/16 11/4 3/4 13/8 7/8 11/2 1 17/8
108 and over 3/4 13/8 7/8 11/2 1 15/8 11/4 17/8
480 to 600, excl over 8 to 60, excl 7/16 11/4 1/2 11/2 5/8 15/8 3/4 17/8
60 to 84, excl 1/2 13/8 5/8 11/2 3/4 15/8 7/8 17/8
84 to 108, excl 5/8 13/8 3/4 11/2 7/8 15/8 1 17/8
108 and over 3/4 11/2 7/8 15/8 1 13/4 11/4 17/8
600 to 720, excl over 8 to 60, excl 1/2 13/4 5/8 17/8 3/4 17/8 7/8 21/4
60 to 84, excl 5/8 13/4 3/4 17/8 7/8 17/8 1 21/4
84 to 108, excl 5/8 13/4 3/4 17/8 7/8 17/8 11/8 21/4
108 and over 7/8 13/4 1 2 11/8 21/4 11/4 21/2
720 and over over 8 to 60, excl 9/16 2 3/4 21/8 7/8 21/4 1 23/4
60 to 84, excl 3/4 2 7/8 21/8 1 21/4 11/8 23/4
84 to 108, excl 3/4 2 7/8 21/8 1 21/4 11/4 23/4
108 and over 1 2 11/8 23/8 11/4 21/2 13/8 3
A Permissible variation under specified width and length: 1/4 in. By agreement, these permitted variations may be taken all over, in which case the sum of these permitted
variations applies.
B Permissible variations in length apply also to Universal Mill plates up to 12 in. in width for thicknesses over 2 to 21/2 in., incl, except for alloy steel up to 2 in. thick.
TABLE A1.3 Permissible Variations in Rolled Width for Universal
Mill Carbon Steel, High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel, and Alloy-Steel
Plates 15 in. and under in Thickness
NOTE 1—Permissible variation under specified width shall be 1/8 in.
Specified Width, in.
Variations Over Specified Width for
Thicknesses Given, in.
To 3/8 ,
excl
3/8 to 5/8,
excl
5/8 to 1,
excl
1 to 2,
incl
Over 2
to 10,
incl
Over 10
to 15,
incl
Over 8 to 20, excl 1/8 1/8 3/16 1/4 3/8 1/2
20 to 36, excl 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 9/16
36 and over 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8
TABLE A1.4 Permissible Variations in Diameter for Sheared
Circular Carbon Steel, High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel, and Alloy
Steel Plates 1 in. and under in Thickness
NOTE 1—No permissible variations under specified diameter.
Specified
Diameter, in.
Permissible Variations Over Specified Diameter
for Thicknesses Given, in.
To 3/8 ,
excl
3/8 to 5/8,
excl
5/8 to 1,
incl
To 32, excl 1/4 3/8 1/2
32 to 84, excl 5/16 7/16 9/16
84 to 108, excl 3/8 1/2 5/8
108 to 130, incl 7/16 9/16 11/16
A20/A20M – 17
17
TABLE A1.5 Permissible Variations in Width and Length for
Rectangular Carbon Steel and High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel
Plates when Gas Cutting is Specified or Required
NOTE 1—These variations may be taken all under or divided over and
under, if so specified.
NOTE 2—Plates with universal rolled edges will be gas cut to length
only.
Specified Thickness, in.
Variations Over for All Specified
Widths or Lengths, in.
To 2, excl 1/2
2 to 4, excl 5/8
4 to 6, excl 3/4
6 to 8, excl 7/8
8 to 15, incl 1
TABLE A1.6 Permissible Variations in Diameter for Gas-Cut
Circular Carbon Steel and High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel Plates
NOTE 1—No permissible variations under specified diameter
Specified
Diameter, in.
Variations Over Specified Diameter for Thicknesses Given, in.
To 1,
excl
1 to 2,
excl
2 to 4,
excl
4 to 6,
excl
6 to 8,
excl
8 to 15,
incl
To 32, excl 3/8 3/8 1/2 1/2 5/8 3/4
32 to 84, excl 3/8 1/2 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8
84 to 108, excl 1/2 9/16 5/8 3/4 7/8 1
108 to 130, excl 1/2 9/16 11/16 7/8 1 11/8
130 and over 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 11/8 11/4
TABLE A1.7 Permissible Camber for Carbon Steel Sheared or
Gas-Cut Rectangular Plates all Thicknesses
NOTE 1—Camber, as it relates to plates, is the horizontal edge curvature
in the length, measured over the entire length of the plate in the flat
position.
Maximum permissible camber, in. = 1/8 in. × (number of feet of length/5)
TABLE A1.8 Permissible Camber for Carbon Steel, High-Strength
Low-Alloy Steel, and Alloy Steel Universal Mill Plates and High-
Strength Low-Alloy Steel and Alloy Steel Sheared or Gas-Cut
Rectangular Plates
Dimension, in. Camber for Thickness
Thickness Width and Widths Given
To 2, incl all 1/8 in. × (number of feet of length/5)
Over 2 to 15, incl to 30, incl 3/16 in. × (number of feet of length/5)
Over 2 to 15, incl over 30 1/4 in. × (number of feet of length/5)
A20/A20M – 17
18
TABLE A1.9 Permissible Variations from Flatness for Carbon Steel Plates
NOTE 1—Flatness Variations for Length—The longer dimension specified is considered the length, and variation in flatness along the length shall not
exceed the tabular amount for the specified width in plates up to 12 ft in length, or in any 12 ft of longer plates.
NOTE 2—Flatness Variations for Width—The flatness variation across the width shall not exceed the tabular amount for the specified width.
NOTE 3—When the longer dimension is under 36 in., the variation in flatness along the length and across the width shall not exceed 1/4 in. in each
direction. When the longer dimension is from 36 to 72 in., inclusive, the flatness variation shall not exceed 75 % of the tabular amount for the specified
width, but in no case less than 1/4 in.
NOTE 4—The tolerances given in this table apply to plates that have a minimum specified tensile strength not over 60 ksi or comparable chemistry or
hardness. For plates specified to a higher minimum tensile strength or comparable chemistry or hardness, the limits given in the table are increased to
11/2 times the amounts in the above table.
NOTE 5—This table and notes cover the flatness tolerances of circular and sketch plates, based on the maximum dimensions of those plates.
NOTE 6—Plates shall be in a horizontal position on a flat surface when flatness is measured.
Specified
Thickness, in.
Variations from a Flat Surface for Specified Widths, in.
Over 8
to 36,
excl
36 to 48,
excl
48 to 60,
excl
60 to 72,
excl
72 to 84,
excl
84 to 96,
excl
96 to 108,
excl
108 to 120,
excl
120 to 144,
excl
144 to 168,
excl
168 and
over
To 1/4 , excl 9/16 3/4 15/16 11/4 13/8 11/2 15/8 13/4 17/8 … …
1/4 to 3/8, excl 1/2 5/8 3/4 15/16 11/8 11/4 13/8 11/2 15/8 … …
3/8 to 1/2, excl 1/2 9/16 5/8 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 11/8 11/4 17/8 21/8
1/2 to 3/4, excl 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 5/8 3/4 1 1 11/8 11/2 2
3/4 to 1, excl 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 5/8 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 13/8 13/4
1 to 2, excl 3/8 1/2 1/2 9/16 9/16 5/8 5/8 5/8 11/16 11/8 11/2
2 to 4 excl 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 9/16 5/8 7/8 11/8
4 to 6, excl 3/8 7/16 1/2 1/2 9/16 9/16 5/8 3/4 7/8 7/8 1
6 to 8, excl 7/16 1/2 1/2 5/8 11/16 3/4 7/8 7/8 1 1 1
8 to 10 excl 1/2 1/2 5/8 11/16 3/4 13/16 7/8 15/16 1 1 1
10 to 12, excl 1/2 5/8 3/4 13/16 7/8 15/16 1 1 1 1 1
12 to 15, incl 5/8 3/4 13/16 7/8 15/16 1 1 1 1 1 …
TABLE A1.10 Permissible Variations in Width and Length for
Rectangular Alloy Steel Plates when Gas Cutting is Specified or
Required
NOTE 1—These variations may be taken all under or divided over and
under, if so specified.
NOTE 2— Plates with universal rolled edges will be gas cut to length
only.
Specified Thickness, in. Variations Over for All Specified
Widths and Lengths, in.
To 2, excl 3/4
2 to 4, excl 1
4 to 6, excl 11/8
6 to 8, excl 15/16
8 to 15, incl 11/2
TABLE A1.11 Permissible Variations in Diameter for Gas-Cut
Circular Alloy Steel Plates
NOTE 1—No permissible variations under specified diameter.
Specified
Diameter, in.
Variations Over Specified Diameter for Thicknesses Given,
in.
To 1,
excl
1 to 2,
excl
2 to 4,
excl
4 to
6,
excl
6 to
8,
excl
8 to
15
incl
To 32, excl 1/2 3/4 3/4 3/4 1 1
32 to 84, excl 1/2 5/8 7/8 1 11/8 11/4
84 to 108, excl 5/8 3/4 1 11/8 11/4 13/8
108 to 130, incl 7/8 1 11/8 11/4 13/8 11/2
A20/A20M – 17
19
TABLE A1.12 Permissible Variations from Flatness for High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel and Alloy Steel Plates
NOTE 1—Flatness Tolerances for Length—The longer dimension specified is considered the length and variations from a flat surface along the length
shall not exceed the tabular amount for the specified width in plates up to 12 ft in length, or in any 12 ft of longer plates.
NOTE 2—Flatness Tolerances for Width—The flatness variation across the width shall not exceed the tabular amount for the specified width.
NOTE 3—When the longer dimension is under 36 in., the variation shall not exceed 3/8 in. When the larger dimension is from 36 to 72 in., incl, the
variation shall not exceed 75 % of the tabular amount for the specified width.
NOTE 4—This table and notes cover the tolerances for flatness of circular and sketch plates, based on the maximum dimensions of those plates.
NOTE 5—Plates shall be in a horizontal position on a flat surface when flatness is measured.
Specified
Thickness, in.
Variations from a Flat Surface for Specified Widths, in.
Over 8
to 36,
excl
36 to
48, excl
48 to
60, excl
60 to
72, excl
72 to
84, excl
84 to
96, excl
96 to
108, excl
108 to
120, excl
120 to
144, excl
144 to
168, excl
168 and
Over
To 1/4 , excl 13/16 11/8 13/8 17/8 2 21/4 23/8 25/8 23/4 … …
1/4 to 3/8, excl 3/4 15/16 11/8 13/8 13/4 17/8 2 21/4 23/8 … …
3/8 to 1/2, excl 3/4 7/8 15/16 15/16 11/8 15/16 11/2 15/8 17/8 23/4 31/8
1/2 to 3/4, excl 5/8 3/4 13/16 7/8 1 11/8 11/4 13/8 15/8 21/4 3
3/4 to 1, excl 5/8 3/4 7/8 7/8 15/16 1 11/8 15/16 11/2 2 25/8
1 to 2, excl 9/16 5/8 3/4 13/16 7/8 15/16 1 1 1 15/8 21/4
2 to 4, excl 1/2 9/16 11/16 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 7/8 1 11/4 15/8
4 to 6, excl 9/16 11/16 3/4 3/4 7/8 7/8 15/16 11/8 11/4 11/4 11/2
6 to 8, excl 5/8 3/4 3/4 15/16 1 11/8 11/4 15/16 11/2 11/2 11/2
8 to 10, excl 3/4 13/16 15/16 1 11/8 11/4 15/16 13/8 11/2 11/2 11/2
10 to 12, excl 3/4 15/16 11/8 11/4 15/16 13/8 11/2 11/2 11/2 11/2 11/2
12 to 15, incl 7/8 1 13/16 15/16 13/8 11/2 11/2 11/2 11/2 11/2 11/2
TABLE A1.13 Waviness Tolerances for Rectangular Plates, Universal Mill Plates, Circular Plates, and Sketch Plates
NOTE 1—Waviness denotes the deviation of the top or bottom surface from a horizontal line, when the plate is resting on a flat surface, as measured
in an increment of less than 12 ft of length. The waviness tolerance is a function of the flatness tolerance as obtained from Tables A1.9 and A1.12.
Flatness
Tolerance
from Tables
A1.9 and
A1.12
When Number of Waves in 12 ft is:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
5/16 5/16 1/4 3/16 1/8 1/8 1/16 1/16
3/8 3/8 5/16 3/16 3/16 1/8 1/16 1/16
7/16 7/16 5/16 1/4 3/16 1/8 1/8 1/16
1/2 1/2 3/8 5/16 3/16 3/16 1/8 1/16
9/16 9/16 7/16 5/16 1/4 3/16 1/8 1/8
5/8 5/8 1/2 3/8 1/4 3/16 1/8 1/8
11/16 11/16 1/2 3/8 5/16 3/16 3/16 1/8
3/4 3/4 9/16 7/16 5/16 1/4 3/16 1/8
13/16 13/16 5/8 7/16 5/16 1/4 3/16 1/8
7/8 7/8 11/16 1/2 3/8 1/4 3/16 1/8
15/16 15/16 11/16 1/2 3/8 5/16 1/4 3/16
1 1 3/4 9/16 7/16 5/16 1/4 3/16
11/8 11/8 7/8 5/8 1/2 3/8 1/4 3/16
11/4 11/4 15/16 11/16 1/2 3/8 5/16 1/4
13/8 13/8 11/16 3/4 9/16 7/16 5/16 1/4
11/2 11/2 11/8 7/8 5/8 1/2 3/8 1/4
15/8 15/8 11/4 15/16 11/16 1/2 3/8 5/16
13/4 13/4 15/16 1 3/4 9/16 7/16 5/16
17/8 17/8 17/16 11/16 13/16 9/16 7/16 5/16
2 2 11/2 11/8 7/8 5/8 1/2 3/8
21/8 21/8 15/8 13/16 7/8 11/16 1/2 3/8
21/4 21/4 111/16 11/4 15/16 11/16 9/16 3/8
23/8 23/8 113/16 1 5/16 1 3/4 9/16 7/16
21/2 21/2 17/8 17/16 11/16 13/16 9/16 7/16
25/8 25/8 2 11/2 11/8 13/16 5/8 7/16
23/4 23/4 21/16 19/16 11/8 7/8 5/8 1/2
27/8 27/8 23/16 15/8 13/16 15/16 11/16 1/2
3 3 21/4 111/16 11/4 15/16 11/16 9/16
31/8 31/8 23/8 13/4 15/16 1 3/4 9/16
A20/A20M – 17
20
TABLE A1.14 Visible Edge Indications Extending Approximately Parallel to Rolled Surfaces
Plate Specification
and Thickness
Acceptable Remove by Grinding Acceptable on Edges
Cut in Fabrication
Depth LengthA Depth LengthA Depth LengthA
Column 1 2 3 4 5 6
Other than killed,B to 2 in., incl 1/8 in. max any over 1/8 in. to 1/4 in., incl over 1 in. 1/4 in. max any
Killed,C to 6 in., incl 1/16 in. max any over 1/16 in. to 1/8 in., incl over 1 in. 1/8 in. max any
Killed,C over 6 in. 1/8 in. max any over 1/8 in. to 1/2 in., incl over 1 in. 1/2 in. max any
A Laminar-type discontinuities 1 in. and less in length are acceptable and do not require exploration.
B Specifications: A285; A433; A442 in thicknesses to 1 in., incl; or A455.
C The specification in 1.1 of this standard, other than those listed in the above Footnote B.
TABLE A1.15 Generally Available Grade-Thickness-Minimum Test Temperature Combinations Meeting Charpy V-Notch Requirements
Indicated (Normalized or Quenched and Tempered Condition)
NOTE 1—The minimum temperatures listed are for longitudinal tests. For transverse tests, the available minimum temperature may be somewhat higher.
Acceptance Criteria Charpy V-Notch
Specification and GradeA
Test Temperature, °F for Plate Thicknesses (Unless
Otherwise Agreed Upon)
Energy Absorption
1 in. and Under
Over 1 in. to 2 in.,
incl.
Over 2 in. to 3 in.,
incl.
Over 3 in. to 5 in.,
ClassB incl.
MinimumAverage
For 3
SpecimensC
ft·lbf
Minimum For
1 SpecimenC
ft·lbf
I 10 7 A285 Grade A +40 +60 . . . . . .
A285 Grade B +50 +70 . . . . . .
A285 Grade C +60 +80 . . . . . .
II 13 10 A455 +25 . . . . . . . . .
III 13 10 A203 Grade A -90 -90 -75 . . .
A203 Grade D -150 -150 -125 . . .
A442 Grade 55 (11/2 in. max thickness . . . -20 . . . . . .
A442 Grade 60 (11/2 in. max thickness) . . . -15 . . . . . .
A516 Grade 55 -60 -60 -50 -50
A516 Grade 60 -60 -50 -50 -50
A516 Grade 65 -60 -50 -40 -25
A537 Class 1
(Over 21/2 –4 in.)
. . . . . . -75 -50
A662 Grade A -75 -75 . . . . . .
A662 Grade B -60 -60 . . . . . .
IV 15 12 A203 Grade B -90 -90 -75 . . .
A203 Grade E -150 -150 -125 . . .
A203 Grade F (4 in. max) . . . . . . -160 -160
A299 +20 +30 +30 +40
A516 Grade 70 -50 -40 -30 -20
A537 Class 1 (21/2 in. max) -80 -75 -75 . . .
A537 Class 2 (Over
21/2 –4 in.)
. . . . . . -75 -50
A662 Grade C -50 -50 . . . . . .
V 20 15 A203 Grade F -160 -160 . . . . . .
A537 Class 2 (21/2 in. max) -90 -90 -90 . . .
A612 -50 . . . . . . . . .
A724 Grade A -50 . . . . . . . . .
Lateral Expansion
Mils. Minimum
Each Specimen
Transverse Test
VI 15 A353 -320 -320 . . . . . .
A553 Type I -320 -320 . . . . . .
A553 Type II -275 -275 . . . . . .
A645 -275 -275 . . . . . .
A517 all (21/2 in. max thickness) A A . . . . . .
A724 Grade B -50 . . . . . . . . .
A Testing temperature as specified in the purchase order, but no higher than 32°F.
B Class I is Other Than Killed with a specified minimum tensile strength of 65 ksi or lower.
Class II is Other Than Killed with a specified minimum tensile strength of over 65 ksi to 75 ksi.
Class III is Killed with a specified minimum tensile strength of 65 ksi or lower.
Class IV is Killed with a specified minimum tensile strength of over 65 ksi to 75 ksi.
Class V is Killed with a specified minimum tensile strength of over 75 ksi to but not including 95 ksi.
Class VI is Killed with a specified minimum tensile strength of 95 ksi or over.
C Full size (10 by 10 mm) specimens.
A20/A20M – 17
21
A2. PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS IN DIMENSIONS, ETC.—SI UNITS
A2.1 Listed herein are permissible variations in dimensions,
and notch toughness information, expressed in SI units.
TABLE A1.16 Charpy V-Notch Test Acceptance Criteria for Various Subsize SpecimensA
Full Size, 10 by
10 mm
3/4 Size, 10 by
7.5 mm
2/3 Size, 10 by
6.7 mm
1/2 Size, 10 by 5
mm
1/3 Size, 10 by
3.3 mm
1/4 Size, 10 by
2.5 mm
ft·lbf [J] ft·lbf [J] ft·lbf [J] ft·lbf [J] ft·lbf [J] ft·lbf [J]
40 [54] 30 [41] 27 [37] 20 [27] 13 [18] 10 [14]
35 [48] 26 [35] 23 [31] 18 [24] 12 [16] 9 [12]
30 [41] 22 [30] 20 [27] 15 [20] 10 [14] 8 [11]
25 [34] 19 [26] 17 [23] 12 [16] 8 [11] 6 [8]
20 [27] 15 [20] 13 [18] 10 [14] 7 [10] 5 [7]
16 [22] 12 [16] 11 [15] 8 [11] 5 [7] 4 [5]
15 [20] 11 [15] 10 [14] 8 [11] 5 [7] 4 [5]
13 [18] 10 [14] 9 [12] 6 [8] 4 [5] 3 [4]
12 [16] 9 [12] 8 [11] 6 [8] 4 [5] 3 [4]
10 [14] 8 [11] 7 [10] 5 [7] 3 [4] 2 [3]
7 [10] 5 [7] 5 [7] 4 [5] 2 [3] 2 [3]
A Interpolation shall be made for specimens with widths intermediate of those listed. Interpolated values shall be rounded to the nearest whole number as prescribed in
Practice E29.
TABLE A1.17 Permissible Variations in Width for Mill Edge
Carbon Steel and High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel Plates Produced
on Strip Mills
NOTE 1—Applies to plates produced from coil and plates produced
from plate-as-rolled.
Specified Width, in. Variations
over SpecifiedWidth, inA
To 14, excl 7/16
14 to 17, excl 1/2
17 to 19, excl 9/16
19 to 21, excl 5/8
21 to 24, excl 11/16
24 to 26, excl 13/16
26 to 28, excl 15/16
28 to 35, excl 11/8
35 to 50, excl 11/4
50 to 60, excl 11/2
60 to 65, excl 15/8
65 to 70, excl 13/4
70 to 80, excl 17/8
80 and over 2
A No permissible variation under specified width.
A20/A20M – 17
22
TABLE A2.1 Permissible Variations in Thickness for Rectangular Plates
NOTE 1—Permissible variation under specified thickness, 0.3 mm. When so specified, these permitted variations may be taken all over, in which case
the sum of these permitted variations applies.
NOTE 2—Thickness shall be measured 10 to 20 mm from the longitudinal edge.
NOTE 3—For specified thicknesses other than those shown, the tolerances for the next higher thickness shall apply.
NOTE 4—For thickness measured at any location other than that specified in Note 2, the permissible maximum over tolerance shall be increased by
75 %, rounded to the nearest 0.1 mm.
Specified
Thickness,
mm
Tolerance Over Specified Thickness for Widths Given in Millimetres, mm
1200 and
Under
Over 1200 to
1500, excl
1500 to
1800,
excl
1800 to
2100,
excl
2100 to
2400,
excl
2400 to
2700,
excl
2700 to
3000,
excl
3000 to
3300,
excl
3300 to
3600,
excl
3600 to
4200,
excl
4200 and
Over
5.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0
5.5 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0
6.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1
7.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4
8.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4
9.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.5
10.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.7
11.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.7
12.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.8
14.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.8
16.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.8
18.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.6 2.0
20.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.6 2.0
22.0 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.8 2.0
25.0 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.8 2.2
28.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.2
30.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.8 1.8 2.1 2.4
32.0 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.6 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.6
35.0 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.7 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.8
38.0 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.8 2.3 2.3 2.7 3.0
40.0 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.5 2.5 2.8 3.3
45.0 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.8 2.8 3.0 3.5
50.0 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.8
55.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.5 2.8 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.8
60.0 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.8 3.0 3.4 3.4 3.8 4.0
70.0 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6 3.0 3.3 3.5 3.6 4.0 4.0
80.0 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.6 4.0 4.0
90.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.6 4.0 4.4
100.0 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.4 4.4
110.0 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.4 4.4
120.0 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.8 4.8
130.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 5.2 5.2
140.0 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 5.6 5.6
150.0 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 5.6 5.6
160.0 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 5.6 5.6
180.0 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 6.3 6.3
200.0 5.8 5.8 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 7.0 7.0
250.0 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 8.8
300.0 7.5 7.5 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0
A20/A20M – 17
23
TABLE A2.2 Permissible Variations in Width and Length for Sheared Plates 40 mm and Under in Thickness; Length only for Universal
Mill Plates 65 mm and Under in Thickness
Specified Dimensions, mm Permissible Variations over Specified Width and LengthA for
Thicknesses Given in millimetres, mm
Length Width To 10, excl 10 to 16, excl 16 to 25, excl 25 to 50, inclB
Width Length Width Length Width Length Width Length
To 3 000 excl to 1500 excl 10 13 11 16 13 19 16 25
1500 to 2100 excl 11 16 13 17 16 22 19 25
2100 to 2700 excl 13 19 16 22 19 25 25 29
2700 and over 16 22 19 25 22 29 29 32
3 000 to 6 000 excl to 1500 excl 10 19 13 22 16 25 19 29
1500 to 2100 excl 13 19 16 22 19 25 22 32
2100 to 2700 excl 14 22 17 24 21 29 25 35
2700 and over 16 25 19 29 22 32 29 35
6 000 to 9 000 excl to 1500 excl 10 25 13 29 16 32 19 38
1500 to 2100 excl 13 25 16 29 19 32 22 38
2100 to 2700 excl 14 25 17 32 22 35 25 38
2700 and over 17 29 22 32 25 35 32 44
9 000 to 12 000 excl to 1500 excl 11 29 13 32 16 35 19 41
1500 to 2100 excl 13 32 16 35 19 38 22 41
2100 to 2700 excl 14 32 19 35 22 38 25 48
2700 and over 19 35 22 38 25 41 32 48
12 000 to 15 000 excl to 1500 excl 11 32 13 38 16 41 19 48
1500 to 2100 excl 13 35 16 38 19 41 22 48
2100 to 2700 excl 16 35 19 38 22 41 25 48
2700 and over 19 38 22 41 25 44 32 48
15 000 to 18 000 excl to 1500 excl 13 44 16 48 19 48 22 57
1500 to 2100 excl 16 44 19 48 22 48 25 57
2100 to 2700 excl 16 44 19 48 22 48 29 57
2700 and over 22 44 25 51 29 57 32 64
18 000 and over to 1500 excl 14 51 19 54 22 57 25 70
1500 to 2100 excl 19 51 22 54 25 57 29 70
2100 to 2700 excl 19 51 22 54 25 57 32 70
2700 and over 25 51 29 60 32 64 35 76
A Permissible variation under specified width and length: 6 mm. By agreement, these permitted variations may be taken all over, in which case the sum of these permitted
variations applies.
B Permissible variations in length apply also to Universal Mill plates up to 300 mm in width for thicknesses over 50 to 65 mm, incl, except for alloy steel up to 50 mm thick.
TABLE A2.3 Permissible Variations in Rolled Width for Universal
Mill Carbon Steel, High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel Plates, and
Alloy Steel Plates 400 mm and under in Thickness
NOTE 1—Permissible variation under specified width shall be 3 mm.
Specified Width,
mm
Variations Over Specified Width for Thickness Given, mm
To 10,
excl
10 to
16,
excl
16 to
25,
excl
25 to
50,
excl
Over
50 to
250,
incl
Over
250 to
400,
incl
Over 200 to 500, 3 3 5 6 10 13
excl
500 to 900, excl 5 6 8 10 11 14
900 and over 8 10 11 13 14 16
A20/A20M – 17
24
TABLE A2.4 Permissible Variations in Diameter for Sheared
Circular Carbon Steel, High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel, and Alloy
Steel Plates 25 mm and under in Thickness
NOTE 1—No permissible variations under specified diameter.
Specified
Diameters, mm
Permissible Variations
Over Specified Diameter
for Thicknesses Given, mm
To 10,
excl
10 to
16, excl
16 to 25,
incl
To 800, excl 6 10 13
800 to 2100, excl 8 11 14
2100 to 2700, excl 10 13 16
2700 to 3300, excl 11 14 17
3300 and over 13 16 19
TABLE A2.5 Permissible Variations in Width and Length for
Rectangular Carbon Steel and High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel
Plates when Gas Cutting is Specified or Required
NOTE 1—These variations may be taken all under or divided over and
under, if so specified.
NOTE 2—Plates with universal rolled edges will be gas cut to length
only.
Specified Thickness, mm Variations Over for All Specified
Widths or Lengths, mm
To 50, excl 13
50 to 100, excl 16
100 to 150, excl 19
150 to 200, excl 22
200 to 400, incl 25
TABLE A2.6 Permissible Variations in Diameter for Gas-Cut
Circular Carbon Steel and High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel Plates
NOTE 1—No permissible variations under specified diameter.
Specified
Diameters,
mm
Variations Over Specified Diameter for Thicknesses
Given, mm
To 25,
excl
25 to
50,
excl
50 to
100,
excl
100 to
150,
excl
150 to
200,
excl
200 to
400,
excl
To 800, excl 10 10 13 13 16 19
800 to 2100, 10 13 13 16 19 22
excl
2100 to 2700, 13 14 16 19 22 25
excl
2700 to 3300, 13 14 17 22 25 29
excl
3300 and over 16 19 22 25 29 32
TABLE A2.7 Permissible Camber for Carbon Steel Sheared or
Gas-Cut Rectangular Plates all Thicknesses
NOTE 1—Camber, as it relates to plates, is the horizontal edge curvature
in the length, measured over the entire length of the plate in the flat
position.
Maximum permissible camber, mm = length in millimetres/500
A20/A20M – 17
25
TABLE A2.8 Permissible Camber for Carbon Steel, High-Strength
Low-Alloy Steel, and Alloy Steel Universal Mill Plates and High-
Strength Low-Alloy Steel and Alloy Steel Sheared or Gas-Cut
Rectangular Plates
NOTE 1—Camber, as it relates to plates, is the horizontal edge curvature
in the length, measured over the entire length of the plate in the flat
position.
Width, mm Camber for Width Given, mm
To 750, incl
Over 750 to 1500
Length/300
Length/250
TABLE A2.9 Permissible Variations from Flatness for Carbon Steel Plates
NOTE 1—Flatness Variations for Length—The longer dimension specified is considered the length, and variation in flatness along the length shall not
exceed the tabular amount for the specified width in plates up to 4000 mm in length, or in any 4000 mm of longer plates.
NOTE 2—Flatness Variations for Width—The flatness variation across the width shall not exceed the tabular amount for the specified width.
NOTE 3—When the longer dimension is under 900 mm, the variation in flatness along the length and across the width shall not exceed 6 mm in each
direction. When the longer dimension is from 900 to 1800 mm, inclusive, the flatness variation shall not exceed 75 % of the tabular amount for the
specified width, but in no case less than 6 mm.
NOTE 4—The tolerances given in this table apply to plates that have a minimum specified tensile strength not over 415 MPa or comparable chemistry
or hardness. For plates specified to a higher minimum tensile strength or comparable chemistry or hardness, the limits given in the table are increased
to 11/2 times the amounts in the above table.
NOTE 5—This table and notes cover the flatness tolerances of circular and sketch plates, based on the maximum dimensions of those plates.
NOTE 6—Plates shall be in a horizontal position on a flat surface when flatness is measured.
Specified Thickness,
mm
Permissible Variations from a Flat Surface for Specified Widths, mm
To 900,
excl
900 to
1200
1200 to
1500
1500 to
1800
1800 to
2100
2100 to
2400
2400 to
2700
2700 to
3000
3000 to
3600
3600 to
4200
4200 and
0ver
To 6, excl 14 19 24 32 35 38 41 44 48 . . . . . .
6 to 10, excl 13 16 19 24 29 32 35 38 41 . . . . . .
10 to 12, excl 13 14 16 16 19 22 25 29 32 48 54
12 to 20, excl 11 13 14 16 16 19 25 25 29 38 51
20 to 25, excl 11 13 14 16 16 16 19 22 25 35 44
25 to 50, excl 10 13 13 14 14 16 16 16 18 29 38
50 to 100, excl 8 10 11 13 13 13 13 14 16 22 29
100 to 150, excl 10 11 13 13 14 14 16 19 22 22 25
150 to 200, excl 11 13 13 16 18 19 22 22 25 25 25
200 to 250, excl 13 13 16 18 19 21 22 24 25 25 25
250 to 300, excl 13 16 19 21 22 24 25 25 25 25 25
300 to 400, incl 16 19 21 22 24 25 25 25 25 25 . . .
TABLE A2.10 Permissible Variations in Width and Length for
Rectangular Alloy Steel Plates when Gas Cutting is Specified or
Required
NOTE 1—These variations may be taken all under or divided over and
under, if so specified.
NOTE 2—Plates with universal rolled edges will be gas cut to length
only.
Specified Thickness, mm Variations Over for All Specified
Widths and Lengths, mm
To 50, excl 19
50 to 100, excl 25
100 to 150, excl 29
150 to 200, excl 33
200 to 400, incl 38
A20/A20M – 17
26
TABLE A2.11 Permissible Variations in Diameter for Gas Cut
Circular Alloy Steel Plates
NOTE 1—No permissible variations under specified diameter.
Specified
Diameter, mm
Variations Over Specified Diameter for Thicknesses
Given, mm
To 25,
excl
25 to
50,
excl
50 to
100,
excl
100 to
150,
excl
150 to
200,
excl
200 to
400,
incl
To 800, excl 13 13 19 19 25 25
800 to 2100, excl 13 16 22 25 29 32
2100 to 2700, excl 16 19 25 29 32 35
2700 to 3300, incl 22 25 29 32 35 38
TABLE A2.12 Permissible Variations from Flatness for High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel and Alloy Steel Plates
NOTE 1—Flatness Tolerances for Length—The longer dimension specified is considered the length and variations from a flat surface along the length
shall not exceed the tabular amount for the specified width in plates up to 4000 mm in length, or in any 4000 mm of longer plates.
NOTE 2—Flatness Tolerances for Width—The flatness variation across the width shall not exceed the tabular amount for the specified width.
NOTE 3—When the longer dimension is under 900 mm, the variation shall not exceed 10 mm. When the larger dimension is from 900 to 1800 mm,
incl, the variation shall not exceed 75 % of the tabular amount for the specified width.
NOTE 4—This table and notes cover the tolerances for flatness of circular and sketch plates, based on the maximum dimensions of those plates.
NOTE 5—Plates shall be in a horizontal position on a flat surface when flatness is measured.
Specified Thickness,
mm
Flatness Tolerances for Specified Widths, mm
To 900,
excl
900 to
1200
1200 to
1500
1500 to
1800
1800 to
2100
2100 to
2400
2400 to
2700
2700 to
3000
3000 to
3600
3600 to
4200
4200 and
over
To 6, excl 21 29 35 48 51 57 60 67 70 . . . . . .
6 to 10, excl 19 24 29 35 44 48 51 57 60 . . . . . .
10 to 12, excl 19 22 24 24 29 33 38 41 48 70 79
12 to 20, excl 16 19 21 22 25 29 32 35 41 57 76
20 to 25, excl 16 19 22 22 24 25 29 33 38 51 67
25 to 50, excl 14 16 19 21 22 24 25 25 25 41 57
50 to 100, excl 13 14 18 19 19 19 19 22 25 32 41
100 to 150, excl 14 18 19 19 22 22 24 29 32 32 38
150 to 200, excl 16 19 19 24 25 29 32 33 38 38 38
200 to 250, excl 19 21 24 25 29 32 33 35 38 38 38
250 to 300, excl 19 24 29 32 33 35 38 38 38 38 38
300 to 400, incl 22 25 30 33 35 38 38 38 38 38 38
A20/A20M – 17
27
TABLE A2.13 Waviness Tolerances for Rectangular Plates, Universal Mill Plates, Circular Plates, and Sketch Plates
NOTE 1—Waviness denotes the deviation of the top or bottom surface from a horizontal line, when the plate is resting on a flat surface, as measured
in an increment of less than 4000 mm of length. The waviness tolerance is a function of the flatness tolerance as obtained from Tables A 2.9 and A 2.12.
Flatness
Tolerance
from Tables
A2.9 and
A2.12
When Number of Waves in 4000 mm is:
1 2 3 4 5 6
7
8 8 6 5 3 3 2 2
10 10 8 5 5 3 2 2
11 11 8 6 5 3 3 2
13 13 10 8 5 5 3 2
14 14 11 8 6 5 3 2
16 16 13 10 6 5 3 2
17 17 13 10 8 5 5 2
19 19 14 11 8 6 5 2
21 21 16 11 8 6 5 2
22 22 17 13 10 6 5 2
24 24 17 13 10 8 6 5
25 25 19 14 11 8 6 5
29 29 22 16 13 10 6 5
32 32 24 17 13 10 8 6
35 35 27 19 14 11 8 6
38 38 29 22 16 13 10 6
41 41 32 24 17 13 10 8
44 44 33 25 19 14 11 8
48 48 37 27 21 14 11 8
51 51 38 29 22 16 13 10
54 54 41 30 22 17 13 10
57 57 43 32 24 17 14 10
60 60 46 33 25 19 14 11
64 64 48 37 27 21 14 11
67 67 51 38 29 21 16 11
70 70 52 40 29 22 16 13
73 73 56 41 30 24 17 13
76 76 57 43 32 24 17 14
79 79 60 44 33 25 19 14
TABLE A2.14 Visible Edge Indications Extending Approximately Parallel to Rolled Surfaces
Plate Specification
and Thickness
Acceptable Remove by Grinding
Acceptable on Edges
Cut in Fabrication
Depth LengthA Depth LengthA Depth LengthA
Column 1 2 3 4 5 6
Other than killed,B to 50 mm, incl 3 mm, max any over 3 to 6 over 25 mm 6 mm max any
mm, incl
Killed,C to 150 mm, incl 2 mm, max any over 2 to 3 over 25 mm 3 mm max any
mm, incl
Killed,C over 150 mm 3 mm, max any over 3 to 13 over 25 mm 13 mm max any
mm, incl
A Laminar-type discontinuities 25 mm and less in length are acceptable and do not require exploration.
B Specifications: A285; A433; A442 in thicknesses to 25 mm, incl; or A455.
C The specifications in 1.1 of this standard, other than those listed in the above Table Footnote B.
A20/A20M – 17
28
TABLE A2.15 Generally Available Grade-Thickness-Minimum Test Temperature Combinations Meeting Charpy V-Notch Requirements
Indicated (Normalized or Quenched and Tempered Condition)
NOTE 1—The minimum temperatures listed are for longitudinal tests. For transverse tests, the available minimum temperature may be somewhat higher.
Acceptance Criteria Charpy V-Notch
Energy Absorption
Specification and Grade
Test Temperature, °C for Plate Thicknesses
(Unless Otherwise Agreed Upon)
ClassA
Minimum Average
For 3
SpecimensB ,
J
Minimum
For 1
SpecimenB ,
J
25 mm and
Under
Over 25
mm to 50
mm, incl.
Over 50
mm to 75
mm, incl.
Over 75
mm to 125
mm, incl.
I 14 10 A285 Grade A +4 +16 . . . . . .
A285 Grade B +10 +21 . . . . . .
A285 Grade C +16 +27 . . . . . .
II 18 14 A455 -4 . . . . . . . . .
III 18 14 A203 Grade A -68 -68 -60 . . .
A203 Grade D -101 -101 -87 . . .
A442 Grade 55 (38 mm max thickness)
. . . -29 . . . . . .
A442 Grade 60 (38 mm max thickness)
. . . -26 . . . . . .
A516 Grade 55 -51 -51 -46 -46
A516 Grade 60 -51 -46 -46 -46
A516 Grade 65 -51 -46 -40 -32
A537 Class 1 (Over 64–100 mm) . . . . . . -60 -46
A662 Grade A -60 -60 . . . . . .
A662 Grade B -51 -51 . . . . . .
IV 20 16 A203 Grade B -68 -68 -60 . . .
A203 Grade E -101 -101 -87 . . .
A203 Grade F (100 mm max) . . . . . . -107 -107
A299 -7 -1 -1 +4
A516 Grade 70 -46 -40 -35 -29
A537 Class 1 (64 mm max) -62 -60 -60 . . .
A537 Class 2 (Over 64–100 mm) . . . . . . -60 -46
A662 Grade C -46 -46 . . . . . .
V 27 20 A203 Grade F -107 -107 . . . . . .
A537 Class 2 (64 mm max) -68 -68 -68 . . .
A612 -46 . . . . . . . . .
A724 Grade A -46 . . . . . . . . .
Lateral Expansion mm, Minimum
Each Specimen Transverse Test
VI 0.38 A353 -196 -196 . . . . . .
A553 Type I -196 -196 . . . . . .
A553 Type II -170 -170 . . . . . .
A645 -170 -170 . . . . . .
A517 all (64 mm max thickness) C C . . . . . .
A724 Grade B -46 . . . . . . . . .
A Class I is Other Than Killed with a specified minimum tensile strength of 450 MPa or lower.
Class II is Other Than Killed with a specified minimum tensile strength of over 450 to 520 MPa, incl.
Class III is Killed with a specified minimum tensile strength of 450 MPa or lower.
Class IV is Killed with a specified minimum tensile strength of over 450 to 520 MPa, incl.
Class V is Killed with a specified minimum tensile strength of over 520 MPa to but not including 655 MPa.
Class VI is Killed with a specified minimum tensile strength of 655 MPa or over.
B Full size (10 by 10 mm) specimens.
C Testing temperature as specified in the purchase order, but no higher than 0°C.
A20/A20M – 17
29
A3. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF NEW MATERIALS
A3.1 Proposals for the introduction of new plate materials
to be covered by the general requirements in this specification,
either by the addition of new grades within existing
specifications, or by the creation of a new specification shall be
subject to the following conditions:
A3.1.1 The application for the addition of a new grade to a
specification or a new specification shall be made to the chair
of the subcommittee. Applications for new specifications
remain subject to the approval of Committee A01. Revisions to
existing specifications for such reasons as chemistry or thickness
limitation are not subject to this annex.
A3.1.2 The application shall contain documentation citing
the requisite need for the new material and its intended use as
outlined in Form and Style for ASTM Standards, B5. Scope.3
That documentation may be in the form of a letter from a user,
fabricator, another standards development organization, or
producer stating the purpose and intended use for said new
material. The Subcommittee may consider other evidence of
need for the proposal. Additional background information as
may be pertinent to the introduction of the new material may
also be presented with the proposal.
A3.1.3 The application shall be accompanied by test data as
required by the applicable specification. Test data from a
minimum of three test lots, as defined by the specification, each
from a different heat, shall be furnished and shall include:
A3.1.3.1 Chemical data reflecting a suitable representation
of the required chemistry range requested.
A3.1.3.2 Mechanical property data representing the proposed
requirements in the delivered condition from each of the
heats supplied.
NOTE A3.1—To assist the balloting process, data from plates representing
the maximum proposed thickness should be provided recognizing that
in some cases the standard may be “limited only by the capacity of the
composition to meet the specified mechanical property requirements.”
A3.1.3.3 Mechanical property data in the simulated Post-
Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) condition if the product specification
lists Supplementary Requirement S3.
A3.1.3.4 Evidence of weldability if the material is intended
for welded construction as may be referenced in the Scope
section of the new or existing standard.
NOTE A3.2—Such evidence is at the discretion of the submitter.
Common methodology may include but not be limited to a single ASME
Section IX qualification such as is referenced in 9.4 of this specification.
A3.1.4 Other properties that are not specification requirements
that further describe the material, including physical
properties, are not mandatory. However, to the extent that such
information may assist the Subcommittee in evaluating the
proposal they may be included. Omission of such non-essential
documentation shall not be a cause for rejection of the
application by the subcommittee.
A3.1.5 The application shall state whether or not a patent
covers the new material.
TABLE A2.16 Permissible Variations in Width for Mill Edge
Carbon Steel and High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel Plates Produced
on Strip Mills
NOTE 1—Applies to plates produced from coil and plates produced
from plate-as-rolled.
Specified Width,
mm
Variations Over
Specified Width,
mmA
To 360, excl 11
360 to 430, excl 13
430 to 480, excl 14
480 to 530, excl 16
530 to 610, excl 17
610 to 660, excl 21
660 to 710, excl 24
710 to 890, excl 29
890 to 1270, excl 32
1270 to 1520, excl 38
1520 to 1650, excl 41
1650 to 1780, excl 44
1780 to 2030, excl 47
2030 and over 51
A No permissible variation under specified width.
A20/A20M – 17
30
APPENDIXES
(Nonmandatory Information)
X1. COILED STEEL
X1.1 Continuous wide hot strip rolling mills are normally
equipped with coilers. Regardless of the different types of
systems employed during or following the rolling operations, it
is common for the steel to be reeled into the coiler at
temperatures in the stress-relieving range. In general, such
temperatures are higher as the steel thickness increases. The
coils subsequently cool to ambient temperature with outer and
inner laps cooling more rapidly than central laps. The difference
in cooling rate can result in measurable differences in the
mechanical properties throughout a coil. Data confirm reduced
yield and tensile strength, and increased percent elongation, for
the product with slower cooling rates from the coiling temperature
to ambient. Such differences are in addition to the
effects on mechanical properties caused by differences in heat
analysis and chemical segregation.
X2. VARIATION OF TENSILE PROPERTIES IN PLATE-AS-ROLLED
X2.1 The tension requirements of this general requirements
specification are intended only to characterize the tensile
properties of a plate-as-rolled for determination of conformance
to the requirements of the applicable product specifications.
Such testing procedures are not intended to define the
upper or lower limits of tensile properties at all possible test
locations within a plate-as-rolled. It is well known and documented
that tensile properties vary within a plate-as-rolled or
individual piece of steel as a function of chemical composition,
processing, testing procedure, and other factors. It is, therefore,
incumbent on designers and engineers to use sound engineering
judgement when using tension test results shown on mill
test reports. The testing procedures of this general requirements
specification have been found to provide plate adequate
for normal pressure vessel design criteria.
X2.2 A survey of the variation to be expected in tensile
properties obtained from plates and structural shapes was
conducted by the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI).7
The results of this survey are contained in a Contributions to
the Metallurgy of Steel entitled “The Variation of Product
Analysis and Tensile Properties—Carbon Steel Plates, and
Wide Flange Shapes” (SU/18, SU/19, and SU/20), published in
September 1974. The data are presented in tables of probability
that tensile properties at other than the official location may
differ from those of the reported test location.
X2.3 This general requirements specification contains no
requirements applicable to product tension tests; conformance
to the applicable product specification is determined on the
basis of tests performed at the place of manufacture or
processing prior to shipment, unless otherwise specified.
X2.4 A Task Group of ASTM Subcommittee A01.11 has
determined, based on review of the AISI data7 (SU20), that the
variation in tensile properties within a plate-as-rolled can be
expressed as a function of specified requirements; one standard
deviation equals approximately 3 % of required tensile
strength, 5 % of required yield strength, and 3 percentage
points of required elongation.
X3. VARIATION IN CHARPY V-NOTCH TESTS
X3.1 A survey of the variation to be expected in Charpy
V-Notch test results obtained from three common fine grain
plate steels was conducted by the American Iron and Steel
Institute (AISI).7 The results of the survey are contained in a
Contributions to the Metallurgy of Steel entitled, “The Variations
of Charpy V-Notch Impact Test Properties in Steel
Plates,” (SU/24), published January 1979. The survey data
consists of test values obtained from six locations in addition to
the locations specified in 12.1.3 of this specification. The plate
conditions tested involved as-rolled, normalized, and quench
and tempered. Sufficient full-size specimens were taken from
each sample so that three longitudinal and three transverse
specimens could be broken at three test temperatures defined
for each grade. The data is presented in tables of probability
that impact properties at other than the official location which
may differ from those of the reported test location. Additional
data of the same type, but utilizing samples from thicker plates,
was published by AISI as SU/27.7
7 Available from American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), 25 Massachusetts
Ave., NW, Suite 800, Washington, DC 20001, http://www.steel.org.
A20/A20M – 17
31
X4. RADIUS FOR COLD BENDING
X4.1 Suggested minimum inside bend radii for cold forming
are referenced to group Designations A through F as
defined in Table X4.1. The suggested radii listed in Table X4.2
should be used as minimums in typical shop fabrication.
Material that does not form satisfactorily when fabricated in
accordance with Table X4.2 may be subject to rejection
pending negotiation with the steel supplier.When tighter bends
are required, the manufacturer should be consulted.
X4.2 The bend radius and the radius of the male die should
be as liberal as the finished part will permit. The width across
the shoulders of the female die should be at least 8 times the
plate thickness. Higher strength steels require larger die openings.
The surface of the dies in the area of radius should be
smooth.
X4.3 Since cracks in cold bending commonly originate
from the outside edges, shear burrs and gas cut edges should be
removed by grinding. Sharp corners on edges and on punched
or gas cut holes should be removed by chamfering or grinding
to a radius.
X4.4 If possible, parts should be formed such that the bend
line is perpendicular to the direction of final rolling. If it is
necessary to bend with the bend line parallel to the direction of
final rolling, a more generous radius is suggested (11/2 times
applicable value given in Table X4.2 for bend lines perpendicular
to the direction of rolling).
X4.5 References
X4.5.1 Both of these references are available from American
Iron and Steel Institute (AISI):7
Holt, G. E., et al. “Minimum Cold Bend Radii Project – Final
Report,” Concurrent Technologies Corporation, January 27,
1997.
Brockenbrough, R. L., “Fabrication Guidelines for Cold
Bending,” R. L. Brockenbrough & Associates, June 28, 1998.
TABLE X4.1 Group Designations for Cold Bending
Specification
Class Where
Applicable
Grade Where Applicable
Group
DesignationA
A203/A203M A, D B
B, E C
F D
A204/A204M A B
B C
C D
A225/A225M C, D D
A285/A285M A, B, C A
A299/A299M A, B D
A302/A302M A, C, D D
B E
A353/A353M D
A387/A387M 1, 2 2, 11, 12 C
1 5, 9, 21, 21L, 22, 22L E
2 5, 9, 21, 22, 91 E
A455/A455M C
A515/A515M 60 or 65 B
70 C
A516/A516M 55 A
60, 65 B
70 C
A517/A517M A, B, E, F, H, P, Q, S F
A533/A533M 1, 2, 3 A, B, C, D, E E
A537/A537M 1, 2B , 3B C
2C , 3C D
A542/A542MD 1, 2 F
3, 4 D
4a E
A543/A543M 1, 2, 3 B, C F
A553/A553MD D
A562/A562M A
A612/A612M C
A645/A645M D
A662/A662M A, B B
C C
A724/A724M A, C D
B E
A736/A736M 1, 2, 3 A, C D
A737/A737M B, C B
A738/A738M A, B D
CB C
CC D
A832/A832M 21V, 22V, 23V E
A841/A841M 1, 2 A, B, C C
3 D F
A844/A844M D
A1017/A1017M 23, 122 D
92, 911 E
A Steels in Groups A to E inclusive are grouped on the basis of similar specified
values for minimum elongation in 2 in. [50 mm]; Group F includes steels that have
a specified minimum elongation in 2 in. [50 mm] of 16 or less, and steels that have
a ratio of specified minimum tensile strength to specified minimum yield strength of
1.15 or less.
B For thicknesses of 4 in. [100 mm] and less.
C For thicknesses over 4 in. [100 mm].
D For any type.
A20/A20M – 17
32
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(A20/A20M – 15) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Nov. 15, 2017.)
(1) Revised throughout to delete Specifications A734/A734M
and A735/A735M and to revise the title of Specification
A736/A736M.
(2) Revised Section 7 and Table 1 to include the element
niobium as being interchangeable with columbium.
TABLE X4.2 Suggested Minimum Inside Radii for Cold BendingA
Group
DesignationB
Thickness (t), in. [mm]
Up to 3/4 in.
[20 mm]
Over 3/4 in. [20 mm]
to 1 in. [25 mm],
incl
Over 1 in. [25 mm]
to 2 in. [50 mm],
incl
Over 2 in.
[50 mm]
A 1.5t 1.5t 1.5t 1.5t
B 1.5t 1.5t 1.5t 2.0t
C 1.5t 1.5t 2.0t 2.5t
D 1.5t 1.5t 2.5t 3.0t
E 1.5t 1.5t 3.0t 3.5t
F 1.75t 2.25t 4.5t 5.5t
A Values are for bend lines perpendicular to the direction of final rolling. These radii
apply when the precautions listed in X4.2 are followed. If bend lines are parallel to
the direction of final rolling, multiply values by 1.5.
B Steels specifications included in the group designations may not include the
entire thickness range shown in this table.
A20/A20M – 17

Inspection & Approval Certificates : C/W Certificate (Calibration Works Certificate) EN-10204 3.1 / DIN-50049 3.1 / ISO-10474 3.1 Mill Test Certificate,
ISI Mark, BIS Certified, NACE HIC TM-0284 / NACE MR-0103 / NACE MR-0175 / ISO 15166, CE Marking, PED Certified, PED Approved,
European Pressure Equipment Directive PED-2014/68/EU, AD-2000-WO, ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code Section-II Plate A Edition 2019,
API 6A (American Petroleum Institute), ISO 9001 Certified, NADCAP Certified, EN9100 Certified, AS9100 Certified with EN 10204 3.2 Certificate
duly Certified & Approved by IBR (Indian Boiler Regulations), LR Class (Lloyd’s Register), GL (Germanischer Lloyd), BV (Bureau Veritas),
DNV (Det Norske Veritas), ABS Class (American Bureau of Shipping), SGS, TUV, RINA, IR Class (Indian Register of Shipping),
NORSOK Approved Standard M-630, M-650 Rev.3

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Regards,

CONTACT PERSON :

MUKESH SHAH
Director
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